Abstract

Extensive grape pomace from red-winemaking may seriously pollute the environment and cause the waste of resources. Cellulose after fermentation in grape pomace is suitable as the source of extract outstanding cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs). Herein, CNCs were successfully extracted from grape pomace with an eco-friendly and facile deep eutectic solvent (DES). The green DES with the composition of lactic acid/choline chloride (the molar ratio was 2:1), were used to fabricate CNCs. Importantly, the obtained CNCs as a robust nanocomposite can be successfully utilized to prepare the self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels. After added of Fe(III) and borax, the excellent self-healing performance of the guar gum-based hydrogels were achieved by the reversible noncovalent bonding interaction. Specifically, the hydrogels showed good mechanical properties (the stress was about 0.95 MPa, the strain was about 170%) and self-healing ability (the self-healing efficiency was about 90.0%). These biologically self-healing nanocomposite hydrogels can greatly broaden the recycling and utilization of grape pomace.

中文翻译：

---

从葡萄果渣中环保提取纤维素纳米晶体及自修复纳米复合水凝胶的构建

摘要

红葡萄酒酿造的大量葡萄渣可能严重污染环境并造成资源浪费。在葡萄果渣中发酵后的纤维素适合作为提取出色纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）的来源。在这里，CNCs是从葡萄果渣中成功提取的，采用了生态友好且易于使用的深共熔溶剂（DES）。具有乳酸/氯化胆碱（摩尔比为2：1）组成的绿色DES用于制造CNC。重要的是，获得的CNCs作为坚固的纳米复合材料可以成功地用于制备自修复的纳米复合水凝胶。加入Fe（III）和硼砂后，瓜尔胶基水凝胶的优异自愈性能是通过可逆的非共价键相互作用实现的。特别，水凝胶具有良好的机械性能（应力约为0.95 MPa，应变约为170％）和自愈能力（自愈效率约为90.0％）。这些具有生物自我修复功能的纳米复合水凝胶可大大拓宽葡萄渣的回收利用。