Objectives

The aims of this study were to (1) investigate the relative time-dependent disruption and bactericidal effects of detergent-type surfactants on single- or dual-species biofilms of root canal isolates and (2) to examine the utility of polygonal graphs for depiction of biofilm disruption and cell killing.

Materials and methods

Single-species biofilms of Streptococcus sanguinis, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis were grown on nitro-cellulose membranes for 72 h and immersed in Tween®80, cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB), and sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) for 1-, 5- or 10-min (n = 3 per test). The number of viable and non-viable bacteria “disrupted” from the biofilm and those “remaining-attached” was determined using a viability stain in conjunction with fluorescence microscopy. The data were analysed using non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test with 5% significance level.

Results

Gram-negative obligate anaerobes were more susceptible to cell removal than gram-positive facultative anaerobes. The majority of cells were disrupted after 1-min of exposure; however, the extent varied according to the agent and species. CTAB and SDS were more effective than Tween 80™ at disrupting biofilms and killing cells but all agents failed to achieve 100% disruption/kill.

Conclusions

Biofilm disruption and cell viability were influenced by the species, the test agent and the duration of exposure. CTAB and SDS were more effective in biofilm disruption than Tween 80™. Graphical depiction of biofilm disruption- and viability-outcomes provides an alternative means of simultaneously visualising and analysing relative efficacy in different domains.

Clinical relevance

Surfactants were not as effective at biofilm disruption as NaOCl but may be added to other non-disruptive antibacterial agents to enhance this property.

中文翻译：

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折线图和杀菌指数显示在多边形图中，以显示根管冲洗液补充剂对单物种和双物种生物膜的多种结果影响。

目标

这项研究的目的是（1）研究清洁剂型表面活性剂对根管分离物的单物种或双物种生物膜的相对时间依赖性破坏和杀菌作用，以及（2）检查用于描绘的多边形图的实用性生物膜破坏和细胞杀伤

材料和方法

在硝酸纤维素膜上生长血链球菌，粪肠球菌，核纤梭菌和牙龈卟啉单胞菌的单种生物膜72小时，然后浸入Tween®80，十六烷基三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）5中， -或10分钟（ 每个测试n = 3）。使用生存力染色剂结合荧光显微镜确定了从生物膜“破坏”和“残留”的存活细菌和非存活细菌的数量。使用非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验对数据进行了分析，显着性水平为5％。

结果

革兰氏阴性专性厌氧菌比革兰氏阳性兼性厌氧菌更易于去除细胞。暴露1分钟后，大多数细胞被破坏。但是，程度因试剂和种类而异。CTAB和SDS在破坏生物膜和杀死细胞方面比Tween 80™更有效，但所有试剂均无法达到100％的破坏/杀死率。

结论

生物膜的破坏和细胞活力受物种，测试试剂和暴露时间的影响。CTAB和SDS在生物膜破坏方面比Tween 80™更有效。生物膜破坏和生存力结果的图形化描述提供了一种同时可视化和分析不同领域相对功效的替代方法。

临床相关性

表面活性剂对生物膜的破坏不如NaOCl有效，但可以添加到其他非破坏性抗菌剂中以增强这种特性。