Background

Adequate human nutrition depends on the ingestion of many nutrients present in the diet. Proteins are indispensable macronutrients, including the essential amino acids. A protein source can vary its nutritional quality in terms of digestibility, amino acid profile, and its bioavailability. There are several disadvantages claimed to livestock and traditional animal protein sources. Thus, in a continuous increasing world population, a current challenge is the consumption of proteins with low-cost and easily supply, meeting environmental and social aspects.

Scope and approach

Plant proteins may be a critical step for reducing animal protein dependence by humans. This critical review contributes to facilitating the choice of a plant protein source based on the amino acid composition. Additionally, this overview can give insights into the development of new food products and add value to agro-industrial wastes and by-products. Furthermore, this paper shows the wide variety of sources of plant proteins, with balanced nutritional quality and high protein content as a potential protein supply for the human population and industrial applications.

Key findings and conclusion

A significant challenge is encountering the most suitable protein source since it depends on consumers' preferences, industrial availability, geographical location, and cultural elements. Nevertheless, it is possible to select a plant protein source comparing the essential amino acid composition of each source to the reference pattern.

中文翻译：

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植物蛋白是人类饮食的优质营养来源

背景

充足的人体营养取决于饮食中多种营养的摄入。蛋白质是必不可少的大量营养素，包括必需氨基酸。蛋白质来源可以根据消化率，氨基酸谱及其生物利用度来改变其营养质量。牲畜和传统动物蛋白来源有几个缺点。因此，在世界人口不断增加的情况下，当前的挑战是要以低成本和易于供应的方式来食用蛋白质，以满足环境和社会方面的需求。

范围和方法

植物蛋白可能是减少人类对动物蛋白依赖性的关键步骤。这项重要的评论有助于根据氨基酸组成来选择植物蛋白来源。此外，此概述还可以洞悉新食品的开发，并为农业工业废料和副产品增加价值。此外，本文显示了植物蛋白的多种来源，具有均衡的营养品质和高蛋白含量，可作为人类和工业应用的潜在蛋白供应。

主要发现和结论

遇到最合适的蛋白质来源是一项重大挑战，因为它取决于消费者的喜好，工业可用性，地理位置和文化因素。但是，可以选择一种植物蛋白来源，将每种来源的必需氨基酸组成与参考模式进行比较。