Bisphenol A (BPA) is a well-known phenolic environmental estrogen, widely distributed in the aquatic environment, which poses a toxic risk to the health of aquatic organisms. This study aimed to assess the effect of BPA on common carp gills by analyzing oxidative stress, ion equilibrium and immune response. Fish were exposed to five concentrations of BPA (0, 0.01, 0.1, 0.5, and 2 mg/L) for 30 days. Then gills were collected to assay biochemical parameters and gene expression. The results showed that BPA could decrease the levels of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and increase the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG). The gene expression showed that BPA (2 mg/L) could affect the nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (nrf2) signaling pathway, upregulate the gene expression of nrf2 and heme oxygenase 1 (ho-1). Meanwhile, BPA was found to change the activity of Na+/K+ ATPase, and increased the concentrations of Na+ and Ca2+ in gills of common carp. Also, high BPA concentration (0.5 or 2 mg/L) exposure increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase (AKP), blocked mRNA level of lysozyme-c (c-lyz), activated Toll-like receptors (TLRs) signaling pathway, enhanced the mRNA levels of toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2), receptor 4 (tlr4), myeloid differentiation factor 88 (myd88), interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3), interleukin 1β (il-1β), interleukin 6 (il-6) and interleukin 10 (il-10). Overall, these results suggested that high BPA could induce oxidative damage, ion imbalance, immunosuppression and inflammatory response in gills of common carp.

中文翻译：

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长期暴露于双酚A下的鲤鱼g的氧化应激，离子浓度变化和免疫反应

双酚A（BPA）是一种众所周知的酚类环境雌激素，广泛分布于水生环境中，对水生生物的健康构成毒性风险。这项研究旨在通过分析氧化应激，离子平衡和免疫反应来评估双酚A对普通鱼的影响。将鱼暴露于五种浓度的BPA（0、0.01、0.1、0.5和2 mg / L）30天。然后收集g以测定生化参数和基因表达。结果表明，双酚A可以降低总抗氧化能力（T-AOC），过氧化氢酶（CAT），谷胱甘肽（GSH）和谷胱甘肽S-转移酶（GST）的水平，并增加超氧化物歧化酶（SOD），丙二醛（MDA）的水平）和8-羟基-2脱氧鸟苷（8-OHdG）。基因表达表明，BPA（2 mg / L）可能影响核红系2相关因子2（nrf2）信号通路，上调nrf2和血红素加氧酶1（ho-1）的基因表达。同时，发现双酚A可改变鲤鱼g中Na + / K + ATPase的活性，并增加Na +和Ca2 +的浓度。此外，高BPA浓度（0.5或2 mg / L）暴露会增加碱性磷酸酶（AKP）的活性，阻断溶菌酶c（c-lyz）的mRNA水平，激活Toll样受体（TLRs）信号传导途径，从而增强Toll样受体2（tlr2），受体4（tlr4），髓样分化因子88（myd88），干扰素调节因子3（irf3），白介素1β（il-1β），白介素6（il-6）和白介素10（il-10）。总体而言，这些结果表明，高BPA可能引起氧化损伤，