The human gut microbiota has now been associated with drug responses and efficacy, while chemical compounds present in these drugs can also impact the gut bacteria. However, drug-microbe interactions are still understudied in the clinical context, where polypharmacy and comorbidities co-occur. Here, we report relations between commonly used drugs and the gut microbiome. We performed metagenomics sequencing of faecal samples from a population cohort and two gastrointestinal disease cohorts. Differences between users and non-users were analysed per cohort, followed by a meta-analysis. While 19 of 41 drugs are found to be associated with microbial features, when controlling for the use of multiple medications, proton-pump inhibitors, metformin, antibiotics and laxatives show the strongest associations with the microbiome. We here provide evidence for extensive changes in taxonomy, metabolic potential and resistome in relation to commonly used drugs. This paves the way for future studies and has implications for current microbiome studies by demonstrating the need to correct for multiple drug use.

中文翻译：

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常用药物对肠道菌群组成和代谢功能的影响。

人的肠道菌群现已与药物反应和功效相关联，而这些药物中存在的化学化合物也会影响肠道细菌。但是，在多种药物和合并症并存的临床背景下，药物与微生物之间的相互作用仍未被研究。在这里，我们报告常用药物和肠道微生物组之间的关系。我们对来自人群队列和两个胃肠道疾病队列的粪便样本进行宏基因组学测序。按队列分析用户与非用户之间的差异，然后进行荟萃分析。虽然发现41种药物中有19种与微生物特征有关，但在控制多种药物的使用时，质子泵抑制剂，二甲双胍，抗生素和泻药与微生物组的关联最强。我们在这里提供证据，证明与常用药物相关的生物分类，代谢潜能和抵抗力组的广泛变化。这证明了纠正多种药物使用的必要性，为将来的研究铺平了道路，并对当前的微生物组研究产生了影响。