BACKGROUND Self-medication with over-the-counter (OTC) drugs is an important public health concern, especially in the vulnerable population of pregnant women due to potential risks to both the mother and fetus. Few studies have studied how factors, such as knowledge, affect self-medication. This study investigated self-medication and its associated factors among pregnant women attending healthcare services in Malang, Indonesia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2018 in five healthcare services. A self-administered questionnaire was used and the data were analyzed using multiple regression models. RESULTS Of 333 female participants, 39 (11.7%) used OTC medication. Women with a higher level of knowledge of OTC medication were more likely to self-medicate-adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 2.15, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.03-4.46. Compared with those with less knowledge, pregnant women with more correct knowledge of the possible risk of self-medication were less likely to self-medicate-aOR = 0.29; 95% CI = 0.14-0.60. The effect of a higher level of knowledge of OTC medication was significant among women who had middle school and lower education-aOR = 8.18; 95% CI = 1.70-39.35. The effect of correct knowledge on the possible risks of self-medication was significant only among women with high school and higher education-aOR = 0.17; 95% CI = 0.07-0.42. CONCLUSION Imparting specific knowledge of the potential risks of using non-prescribed medication during pregnancy may help pregnant women navigate and more safely manage their OTC use. We also suggest further collecting data from more healthcare services, such as hospitals, to obtain more findings generalizable to the Indonesian community.

中文翻译：

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印度尼西亚玛琅市参加初级保健服务的孕妇的自我用药和知识：一项横断面研究。

背景技术使用非处方药（OTC）进行自我药物治疗是重要的公共卫生问题，特别是在孕妇和弱势人群中，由于其对母亲和胎儿都有潜在风险。很少有研究研究诸如知识之类的因素如何影响自我用药。这项研究调查了印度尼西亚玛琅市参加医疗保健服务的孕妇的自我用药及其相关因素。方法从2018年7月至2018年9月，对五个医疗保健服务进行了横断面研究。使用了自我管理的调查表，并使用多个回归模型分析了数据。结果在333名女性参与者中，有39名（11.7％）使用了非处方药。具有OTC药物知识水平较高的女性更有可能自行调整药物比值比（aOR）= 2.15，95％置信区间（CI）= 1.03-4.46。与知识较少的人相比，对自我药物治疗可能的风险有更正确认识的孕妇自我药物治疗的可能性-aOR = 0.29；95％CI = 0.14-0.60。高中OTC药物知识水平的影响在初中和较低文化程度的女性中显着-aOR = 8.18；95％CI = 1.70-39.35。正确的知识对自我用药的可能风险的影响仅在高中和高等教育程度较高的女性中才显着-aOR = 0.17；95％CI = 0.07-0.42。结论掌握有关怀孕期间使用非处方药的潜在风险的特定知识可能有助于孕妇导航并更安全地管理其OTC的使用。我们还建议进一步从更多的医疗服务（例如医院，