The widely used Li-ion batteries are insufficient for the rapid needs of high energy storage devices. Li–O₂ batteries are regarded as a promising candidate to meet the needs in the future. This technology has attracted tremendous attention and led to remarkable scientific advances. We consider aprotic Li–O₂ batteries in this review because they have drawn the most attention of scientific research. However, various challenges should be resolved, such as low rate capability, poor cyclability, and instability, before realizing this technology in practice. The mass transfer of O₂ and Li⁺ is a critical factor that affects the electrochemical performance of Li–O₂ batteries. In this review, we discuss the effects of aprotic electrolytes, porous structure, and operating conditions on the mass transfer, particularly the O₂ mass transfer. Fundamental advances in developing materials (e.g., organic electrolytes) and practical optimizations of the electrode structure and operating conditions are key to enhancing the mass transfer of O₂ and Li⁺. It is worthwhile to continue the research effort due to the benefits of Li–O₂ batteries. The research directions should be clarified to achieve breakthroughs in the future.

中文翻译：

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质子交换态Li–O ₂电池正电极的传质研究进展及最新进展

广泛使用的锂离子电池不足以满足高能量存储设备的快速需求。Li-O ₂电池被认为是满足未来需求的有前途的候选者。这项技术引起了极大的关注，并导致了惊人的科学进步。在本综述中，我们考虑非质子传递的Li–O ₂电池，因为它们引起了科学研究的最大关注。但是，在实践中实现该技术之前，应解决各种挑战，例如低速率能力，较差的可循环性和不稳定性。O ₂和Li ⁺的质量转移是影响Li–O ₂电化学性能的关键因素电池。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了质子惰性电解质，多孔结构和操作条件对传质（特别是O ₂传质）的影响。显影材料（例如，有机电解质）的根本进步以及电极结构和操作条件的实际优化是增强O ₂和Li ⁺传质的关键。由于Li-O ₂电池的优势，值得继续进行研究。应明确研究方向，以实现未来的突破。