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Initial establishment of commercial tree species under enrichment planting in a Central Amazon secondary forest: Effects of silvicultural treatments
Forest Ecology and Management ( IF 3.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117822
Victor Alexandre Hardt Ferreira dos Santos , Marciel José Ferreira

Abstract Enrichment planting has the potential to conserve wide areas of secondary forest in the Amazon. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the effects of silvicultural treatments applied to secondary forest management on the initial establishment of planted species. Enrichment planting was performed in a Central Amazon secondary forest to test whether the growth, mortality and presence of shoot borer attacks of six commercial trees species – in the first two years after planting – depend on canopy trees refinement and understory slashing. Six commercial tree species were planted under a gradient of light transmittance that was created by canopy trees refinement applied in six levels of basal area reduction (0; 20; 40; 60; 80 and 100%) and combined with two understory slashing levels (control and understory slashed). The effects of silvicultural treatments on root collar diameter and height growth (realized and relative), mortality and shoot borer attack were evaluated during the first and second year after planting. The relationships between realized growth and light transmittance were different among the species, but maximum growth was observed at high light transmittance for all species. Understory slashing slightly increased the response of realized growth to light transmittance. Species relative growth was strongly affected by light transmittance, but there was a reduced response in the second year after planting, particularly in the light-demanding pioneer species (Cedrela fissilis, Tabebuia rosea and Swietenia macrophylla). Pioneer species mortality was higher in deep shade (lowest transmittance) and was related to fast growth at full sun (highest transmittance) during the first, but not the second, year after planting. Shade-tolerant species (Hymenaea courbaril, Carapa guianensis and Bertholletia excelsa) have slower growth in full sun than pioneers, but only during the first year. Shoot borer attacks in Meliaceae species (C. fissilis, S. macrophylla and C. guianensis) occurred more frequently in high light transmittance and understory slashed environments but were absent in intermediary to low light transmittance and untreated understory. Thus, silvicultural treatments improve the initial establishment of commercial tree species in secondary forest enrichment planting sites. However, such findings should be analyzed considering the effects on growth, mortality and pest attacks during the seedling to juvenile tree development stages after planting.

中文翻译:

亚马逊中部次生林富集种植商业树种的初步建立:造林处理的影响

摘要 富集种植具有保护亚马逊大片次生林的潜力。因此,有必要了解应用于次生林管理的造林处理对种植物种初始建立的影响。在亚马逊中部的次生林中进行了富集种植,以测试六种商业树种在种植后的头两年内的生长、死亡率和螟虫攻击的存在是否取决于冠层树的细化和林下砍伐。六种商业树种种植在透光率梯度下,这是通过在六个基础面积减少水平(0;20;40;60;80 和 100%)中应用的树冠细化产生的,并结合两个林下砍伐水平(控制和林下砍伐)。在种植后的第一年和第二年评估了造林处理对根颈直径和高度生长(已实现的和相对的)、死亡率和螟虫攻击的影响。实现生长和透光率之间的关系在物种之间不同,但在所有物种的高透光率下观察到最大增长。林下砍伐略微增加了已实现的生长对透光率的响应。物种相对生长受到透光率的强烈影响,但在种植后的第二年反应减弱,特别是在对光要求高的先驱物种(Cedrela fissilis、Tabebuia rosea 和 Swietenia macrophylla)中。先锋物种在深阴处(最低透光率)的死亡率较高,这与种植后第一年(但不是第二年)全日照下的快速生长(最高透光率)有关。耐阴物种(Hymenaea courbaril、Carapa guianensis 和 Bertholletia excelsa)在充足阳光下的生长速度比先驱者慢,但仅限于第一年。楝科物种(C. fissilis、S. macrophylla 和 C. guianensis)中的螟攻击在高透光率和林下砍伐环境中更频繁发生,但在中间到低透光率和未经处理的林下环境中不存在。因此,造林处理促进了次生林富集种植点商业树种的初步建立。但是,应考虑对增长的影响来分析这些发现,
更新日期:2020-03-01
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