Abstract Gas hydrate is a crystalline compound made of water and mainly of gases methane and carbon dioxide under specific conditions of pressure and temperature. Increasing worldwide petroleum exploitation in deep waters, where these conditions are encountered, favours the precipitation of gas hydrate in seafloor pipelines, resulting in partial or total obstruction of petroleum flow. Brazil's largest petroleum reserves of the pre-salt interval, for example, are located in ultra-deep waters (>1500 m) and may have a gas composition of up to 80% of CO2. Huge investments are necessary to inhibit the formation of gas hydrate and to assure petroleum flow in pipelines. Here we present the results of the synthesis of new organic compounds obtained from L-Threonine, which show a high potential to be used as CO2 hydrate inhibitors. This characteristic is related to the increase carbon chain in each molecule (higher hydrophobicity) leading to a reduction on CO2 solubility in water. In addition to that, our study also shows the occurrence of the “salting out effect” and reduced water activity coefficient.

中文翻译：

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新型二氧化碳水合物抑制剂的合成

摘要 天然气水合物是在特定压力和温度条件下由水和主要气体甲烷和二氧化碳组成的结晶化合物。在遇到这些条件的深水中，世界范围内不断增加的石油开采有利于海底管道中天然气水合物的沉淀，从而导致石油流动部分或全部受阻。例如，巴西最大的盐下层石油储量位于超深水区 (>1500 m)，其气体成分可能高达 80% 的 CO2。需要大量投资来抑制天然气水合物的形成并确保管道中的石油流动。在这里，我们展示了从 L-苏氨酸获得的新有机化合物的合成结果，这些化合物显示出用作 CO2 水合物抑制剂的巨大潜力。这种特性与每个分子中碳链的增加（更高的疏水性）有关，导致 CO2 在水中的溶解度降低。除此之外，我们的研究还显示了“盐析效应”的发生和水分活度系数的降低。