BACKGROUND Previously, we showed that lymphatic vessels (LVs) formed detours after lymphatic obstruction, contributing to preventing lymphedema. In this study, we developed detours using lymphatic ligation in mice and we identified the detours histologically. METHODS AND RESULTS Under anesthesia, both hindlimbs in mice were subcutaneously injected with Evans blue dye to detect LVs. We tied the right collecting LV on the abdomen that passes through the inguinal lymph node (LN) at two points. The right and left sides comprised the operation and sham operation sides, respectively. Lymphography was performed to investigate the lymph flow after lymphatic ligation until day 30, using a near-infrared fluorescence imaging system. Anti-podoplanin antibody and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) were used to detect LVs and lymphangiogenesis. Within 30 days, detours had developed in 62.5% of the mice. Detours observed between two ligation sites were enlarged and irregular in shape. Podoplanin+ LVs, which were located in the subcutaneous tissue of the upper panniculus carnosus muscle, connected to collecting LVs at the upper portion from the cranial ligation site and at the lower portion from the caudal ligation site. EdU+ cells were not observed in these detours. The sham operation side showed normal lymph flow and did not show enlarged pre-collecting LVs until day 30. CONCLUSIONS Detours after lymphatic ligation were formed not by lymphangiogenesis but through an enlargement of pre-collecting LVs that functioned as collecting LVs after lymphatic ligation. Further studies are required to explore the developmental mechanism of the lymphatic detour for treatment and effective care of lymphedema in humans.

中文翻译：

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淋巴流动受阻后，预收集的淋巴管会绕道而行，并起到收集淋巴管的作用。

背景技术以前，我们显示淋巴管（LVs）淋巴阻塞后绕道而行，有助于预防淋巴水肿。在这项研究中，我们在小鼠中使用淋巴结扎术开发了绕道，并在组织学上确定了绕道。方法和结果在麻醉下，给小鼠的两只后肢皮下注射伊文思蓝染料以检测LV。我们在两点将正确收集的左心室绑在穿过腹股沟淋巴结（LN）的腹部上。右侧和左侧分别包括操作侧和假操作侧。使用近红外荧光成像系统进行淋巴造影术以研究淋巴结扎后直至第30天的淋巴流量。抗podoplanin抗体和5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷（EdU）被用于检测LV和淋巴管生成。在30天内，62.5％的老鼠出现了弯路。在两个结扎位点之间观察到的tour回增大且形状不规则。Podoplanin + LVs位于上睑肌肌肉的皮下组织中，在颅骨结扎部位的上部和尾端结扎部位的下部与采集的LV连接。在这些弯路中未观察到EdU +细胞。假手术一侧显示正常的淋巴流量，并且直到第30天才显示出收集前的LV。