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On the Computational Complexity of Decision Problems about Multi-Player Nash Equilibria
arXiv - CS - Computational Complexity Pub Date : 2020-01-15 , DOI: arxiv-2001.05196
Marie Louisa T{\o}lb{\o}ll Berthelsen and Kristoffer Arnsfelt Hansen

We study the computational complexity of decision problems about Nash equilibria in $m$-player games. Several such problems have recently been shown to be computationally equivalent to the decision problem for the existential theory of the reals, or stated in terms of complexity classes, $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete, when $m\geq 3$. We show that, unless they turn into trivial problems, they are $\exists\mathbb{R}$-hard even for 3-player zero-sum games. We also obtain new results about several other decision problems. We show that when $m\geq 3$ the problems of deciding if a game has a Pareto optimal Nash equilibrium or deciding if a game has a strong Nash equilibrium are $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete. The latter result rectifies a previous claim of NP-completeness in the literature. We show that deciding if a game has an irrational valued Nash equilibrium is $\exists\mathbb{R}$-hard, answering a question of Bil\`o and Mavronicolas, and address also the computational complexity of deciding if a game has a rational valued Nash equilibrium. These results also hold for 3-player zero-sum games. Our proof methodology applies to corresponding decision problems about symmetric Nash equilibria in symmetric games as well, and in particular our new results carry over to the symmetric setting. Finally we show that deciding whether a symmetric $m$-player games has a non-symmetric Nash equilibrium is $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete when $m\geq 3$, answering a question of Garg, Mehta, Vazirani, and Yazdanbod.

中文翻译:

关于多玩家纳什均衡决策问题的计算复杂性

我们研究了 $m$-玩家博弈中关于纳什均衡的决策问题的计算复杂性。最近有几个这样的问题被证明在计算上等同于实数存在理论的决策问题,或者用复杂性类来表述,$\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete,当 $m\geq 3$ . 我们表明,除非它们变成微不足道的问题,否则即使对于 3 人零和游戏,它们也是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-hard。我们还获得了关于其他几个决策问题的新结果。我们表明,当 $m\geq 3$ 时,决定博弈是否具有帕累托最优纳什均衡或决定博弈是否具有强纳什均衡的问题是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete。后一个结果纠正了之前文献中关于 NP 完整性的主张。我们表明,确定一个游戏是否具有非理性价值纳什均衡是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-hard,回答了 Bil\`o 和 Mavronicolas 的问题,并且还解决了确定一个游戏是否具有非理性值的计算复杂性理性价值纳什均衡。这些结果也适用于 3 人零和游戏。我们的证明方法也适用于对称博弈中关于对称纳什均衡的相应决策问题,特别是我们的新结果适用于对称设置。最后,我们证明,当 $m\geq 3$ 时,确定对称 $m$-玩家游戏是否具有非对称纳什均衡是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete,回答了 Garg, Mehta, Vazirani 的问题,和亚兹丹博德。并解决决定博弈是否具有合理值纳什均衡的计算复杂性。这些结果也适用于 3 人零和游戏。我们的证明方法也适用于对称博弈中关于对称纳什均衡的相应决策问题,特别是我们的新结果适用于对称设置。最后,我们证明,当 $m\geq 3$ 时,确定对称 $m$-玩家游戏是否具有非对称纳什均衡是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete,回答了 Garg, Mehta, Vazirani 的问题,和亚兹丹博德。并解决决定博弈是否具有合理值纳什均衡的计算复杂性。这些结果也适用于 3 人零和游戏。我们的证明方法也适用于对称博弈中关于对称纳什均衡的相应决策问题,特别是我们的新结果适用于对称设置。最后,我们证明,当 $m\geq 3$ 时,确定对称 $m$-玩家游戏是否具有非对称纳什均衡是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete,回答了 Garg, Mehta, Vazirani 的问题,和亚兹丹博德。特别是我们的新结果延续到对称设置。最后,我们证明,当 $m\geq 3$ 时,确定对称 $m$-玩家游戏是否具有非对称纳什均衡是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete,回答了 Garg, Mehta, Vazirani 的问题,和亚兹丹博德。特别是我们的新结果延续到对称设置。最后,我们证明,当 $m\geq 3$ 时,确定对称 $m$-玩家游戏是否具有非对称纳什均衡是 $\exists\mathbb{R}$-complete,回答了 Garg, Mehta, Vazirani 的问题,和亚兹丹博德。
更新日期:2020-01-16
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