This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to quantify the effects of laboratory‐based interventions targeting specific mechanisms of food craving, to identify moderators of effects, and to qualitatively summarize findings. The study was conducted and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Sixty‐nine studies were included in the quantitative synthesis, and separate meta‐analyses were conducted for the outcomes self‐reported craving and objective food intake. Results show small to medium positive effects across specific craving interventions on both outcomes. Effect sizes were partly moderated by intervention type. The most effective intervention regarding food intake was in sensu cue exposure. For subjective craving, the most robust evidence was found for beneficial effects of cognitive regulation strategies (ie, reappraisal, suppression, and distraction). Results further indicate that training inhibitory control through behavioral inhibition might be more effective than approach‐avoidance training when considering its effect on subjective craving and food intake. People with external eating habits, overeating, or loss‐of‐control eating might benefit from these types of specific craving interventions. Future research should focus on long‐term effects, transferability, and effectiveness in clinical samples.

中文翻译：

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针对食物渴望的基于实验室的干预措施：系统的回顾和荟萃分析。

这项系统的审查和荟萃分析旨在量化针对具体食物渴望机制的实验室干预措施的效果，确定效果的调节剂，并定性地总结研究结果。该研究是根据系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行和报告的。定量合成中包括69个研究，并对结果进行自我报告的渴望和客观食物摄入量进行了单独的荟萃分析。结果表明，对两种结果的特定渴望干预之间均具有中小型积极影响。效果大小在一定程度上受干预类型的影响。关于食物摄入最有效的干预措施是敏感暴露。为了主观的渴望，发现最有力的证据表明了认知调节策略的有益效果（即重新评估，抑制和分散注意力）。结果还表明，考虑到行为抑制对主观渴望和食物摄入的影响，通过行为抑制进行训练抑制控制可能比避免进近训练更为有效。有外部饮食习惯，暴饮暴食或饮食失控的人可能会从这些特殊的渴望干预中受益。未来的研究应关注临床样品的长期作用，可转移性和有效性。结果还表明，考虑到行为抑制对主观渴望和食物摄入的影响，通过行为抑制进行训练抑制控制可能比避免进近训练更为有效。有外部饮食习惯，暴饮暴食或饮食失控的人可能会从这些特殊的渴望干预中受益。未来的研究应关注临床样品的长期作用，可转移性和有效性。结果还表明，考虑到行为抑制对主观渴望和食物摄入的影响，通过行为抑制进行训练抑制控制可能比避免进近训练更为有效。有外部饮食习惯，暴饮暴食或饮食失控的人可能会从这些特殊的渴望干预中受益。未来的研究应关注临床样品的长期作用，可转移性和有效性。