In this study, a new dual‐ion battery (DIB) concept based on an aqueous/non‐aqueous electrolyte is reported, combining high safety in the form of a nonflammable water‐in‐salt electrolyte, a high cathodic stability by forming a protective interphase on the negative electrode (non‐aqueous solvent), and improved sustainability by using a graphite‐based positive electrode material. Far beyond the anodic stability limit of water, the formation of a stage‐2 acceptor‐type graphite intercalation compound (GIC) of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI) anions from an aqueous‐based electrolyte is achieved for the first time, as confirmed by ex‐situ X‐ray diffraction. The choice of negative electrode material shows a huge impact on the performance of the DIB cell chemistry, i.e., discharge capacities up to 40 mAh g⁻¹ are achieved even at a high specific current of 200 mA g⁻¹. In particular, lithium titanium phosphate (LiTi₂(PO₄)₃; LTP) and lithium titanium oxide (Li₄Ti₅O₁₂; LTO) are evaluated as negative electrodes, exhibiting specific advantages for this DIB setup. In this work, a new DIB storage concept combining an environmentally friendly, transition‐metal‐free, abundant graphite positive electrode material, and a nonflammable water‐based electrolyte is established, thus paving the path toward a sustainable and safe alternative energy storage technology.

中文翻译：

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通过混合水/非水电解质开发安全，可持续的双离子电池

在这项研究中，报告了一种新的基于水/非水电解质的双离子电池（DIB）概念，结合了非安全性的盐分水电解质形式的高安全性，通过形成保护层而具有较高的阴极稳定性负极（非水溶剂）上的两相间，并通过使用石墨基正极材料提高了可持续性。正如所证实的那样，首次实现了从水基电解质中形成双（三氟甲磺酰基）酰亚胺（TFSI）阴离子的二级受体嵌入石墨化合物（GIC），远远超出了水的阳极稳定性极限。通过异位X射线衍射。负极材料的选择对DIB电池化学性能具有巨大影响，即放电容量高达40 mAh g ^-1即使在200 mA g ^-1的高比电流下也能达到上述要求。特别地，将磷酸锂钛（LiTi ₂（PO ₄）₃； LTP）和锂钛氧化物（Li ₄ Ti ₅ O ₁₂； LTO）评估为负极，显示出该DIB装置的特殊优势。在这项工作中，建立了一种新的DIB存储概念，该概念结合了环保，无过渡金属，丰富的石墨正极材料和不易燃的水基电解质，从而为通往可持续，安全的替代性储能技术铺平了道路。