Human adults flawlessly and effortlessly navigate boundaries and obstacles in the immediately visible environment, a process we refer to as "visually guided navigation." Neuroimaging work in adults suggests this ability involves the occipital place area (OPA) [1, 2]-a scene-selective region in the dorsal stream that selectively represents information necessary for visually guided navigation [3-9]. Despite progress in understanding the neural basis of visually guided navigation, however, little is known about how this system develops. Is navigationally relevant information processing present in the first few years of life? Or does this information processing only develop after many years of experience? Although a handful of studies have found selective responses to scenes (relative to objects) in OPA in childhood [10-13], no study has explored how more specific navigationally relevant information processing emerges in this region. Here, we do just that by measuring OPA responses to first-person perspective motion information-a proxy for the visual experience of actually navigating the immediate environment-using fMRI in 5- and 8-year-old children. We found that, although OPA already responded more to scenes than objects by age 5, responses to first-person perspective motion were not yet detectable at this same age and rather only emerged by age 8. This protracted development was specific to first-person perspective motion through scenes, not motion on faces or objects, and was not found in other scene-selective regions (the parahippocampal place area or retrosplenial complex) or a motion-selective region (MT). These findings therefore suggest that navigationally relevant information processing in OPA undergoes prolonged development across childhood.

中文翻译：

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枕位区域中导航相关运动处理的最新发展。

人类的成年人在可立即看到的环境中毫不费力，轻松地导航边界和障碍，我们称此过程为“视觉引导的导航”​​。成人的神经影像学研究表明，这种能力涉及枕骨位置区域（OPA）[1、2]-背侧流中的场景选择区域，该区域选择性地代表了视觉引导导航所需的信息[3-9]。尽管在理解视觉引导导航的神经基础方面取得了进展，但是对于该系统的发展知之甚少。在生命的最初几年中存在与导航相关的信息处理吗？还是仅经过多年的经验才能开发出这种信息处理系统？尽管少数研究发现，儿童时期OPA对场景（相对于物体）有选择性反应[10-13]，尚无研究探讨该地区如何出现更具体的导航相关信息处理。在这里，我们通过测量OPA对第一人称视角运动信息的响应来做到这一点，这是使用fMRI对5岁和8岁儿童进行实际导航的视觉体验的代理。我们发现，尽管到5岁时，OPA对场景的反应比对对象的反应要多，但在同一年龄仍无法检测到对第一人称视角运动的响应，而仅在8岁时才出现。这种持久的发展特定于第一人称视角通过场景运动，而不是在脸部或物体上运动，并且在其他场景选择区域（海马旁放置区域或脾后复合体）或运动选择区域（MT）中找不到。