Abstract Core@shell particles with controlled structure and morphology are gradually attracting attention due to their unique properties and potential applications related to electronics, catalysis, sustainability and biomedicine. In particular, the design of nanoporous core@shell particles has emerged as a key focus in recent years because of their ultra-high surface area, tunable porous structure and orientation, which play vital roles in bioadsorption and biocatalysis. In this review, we start with a brief introduction of the structures and properties of nanoporous core@shell particles, followed by a summary of their application in bioadsorption and biocatalysis. Then, we surveyed the design and preparation of these core@shell particles, including the structure and surface chemistry that will affect the particles function in bioadsorption and biocatalysis which is then correlated with the synthesis methods. Finally, we highlight the bioadsorption and biocatalysis application of nanoporous core@shell particles, how they benefit from their physical characteristics (i.e. porosity and size) before concluding with perspectives on the future directions for this topic. There is great potential for nanoporous core@shell particles to reach high biomolecular loading capacities for bioadsorption applications as well as improved catalytic efficiencies as biocatalytic materials due to their unique nanostructure, composition and biocompatibility. This review aims to guide researchers towards understanding the latest research progress in these fields, with the ultimate goal being to influence future developments in these areas.

中文翻译：

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纳米多孔核@壳颗粒：设计、制备、在生物吸附和生物催化中的应用

摘要 具有可控结构和形态的核@壳粒子由于其独特的性质和在电子、催化、可持续性和生物医学方面的潜在应用而逐渐引起人们的关注。特别是，纳米多孔核@壳颗粒的设计由于其超高表面积、可调节的多孔结构和取向，在生物吸附和生物催化中发挥着至关重要的作用，因此近年来已成为一个关键的关注点。 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 在这篇综述中，我们首先简要介绍了纳米多孔核@壳颗粒的结构和性质，然后总结了它们在生物吸附和生物催化中的应用。然后，我们调查了这些核@壳颗粒的设计和制备，包括将影响颗粒在生物吸附和生物催化中的功能的结构和表面化学，然后与合成方法相关联。最后，我们重点介绍了纳米多孔核@壳颗粒的生物吸附和生物催化应用，以及它们如何从其物理特性（即孔隙率和尺寸）中受益，然后对该主题的未来方向进行展望。纳米多孔核@壳颗粒由于其独特的纳米结构、组成和生物相容性，在达到生物吸附应用的高生物分子负载能力以及作为生物催化材料提高催化​​效率方面具有巨大的潜力。本综述旨在指导研究人员了解这些领域的最新研究进展，