Isoproturon (ISO), an herbicide belonging to the phenyl urea family, is extensively used in modern agriculture to guarantee a bumper harvest. However, it has been evidenced that the ISO has heavy toxicity to the liver system and appears to be a tumor promoter. It is therefore urgent to develop sensitive and selective methods to screen its presence in food resources to meet the ever-increasing pollution restrictions. In this work, an electrochemical sensor based on graphene oxide–modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes hybrid material was firstly developed for the rapid and sensitive detection of ISO via square wave voltammetry (SWV). Under optimized experimental conditions, the sensor exhibits a relatively wide linear range from 0.30 to 15.0 μmol L⁻¹, a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.10 μmol L⁻¹, as well as good repeatability, high reproducibility, excellent selectivity, and long-term stability. The sensor has also been successfully employed in various real samples such as rice field water, tomato, and lettuce analyses. The obtained recoveries are in the range of 97.33–105.0% with low relative standard deviation (less than 2.5%), which is very close to the results of the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), showing the proposed electrochemical sensor has great potential in practical applications.

中文翻译：

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基于高水分散性碳杂化材料的电化学传感器快速，灵敏地检测异丙草隆

异丙隆（ISO）是苯脲家族的除草剂，已广泛用于现代农业中以确保丰收。然而，已经证明ISO对肝系统具有重毒性，并且似乎是肿瘤促进剂。因此，迫切需要开发敏感和选择性的方法来筛查其在食品资源中的存在，以满足日益增加的污染限制。在这项工作中，首先开发了一种基于氧化石墨烯修饰的多壁碳纳米管杂化材料的电化学传感器，用于通过方波伏安法（SWV）快速灵敏地检测ISO。在优化的实验条件下，传感器的线性范围为0.30至15.0μmolL ^-1，检测下限（LOD）为0.10μmolL ^-1，以及良好的重复性，高重复性，出色的选择性和长期稳定性。该传感器还已成功用于各种真实样品中，例如稻田水，番茄和生菜分析中。获得的回收率在97.33–105.0％的范围内，相对标准偏差低（小于2.5％），与高效液相色谱（HPLC）的结果非常接近，表明所提出的电化学传感器具有巨大的潜力在实际应用中。