Enormous advancements have been achieved over the last 10 years on the carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts (C‐MFECs) since its discovery in 2009 for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Efficient C‐MFECs, as alternatives to metal‐based electrocatalysts, have been consistently utilized not only for ORR, but also for oxygen evolution, hydrogen evolution, carbon dioxide reduction and evolution, nitrogen reduction, and many other (electro‐) chemical reactions. In this review, important progresses over the last 10 years in the research and development of carbon‐based metal‐free electrocatalysts for efficient energy conversion and storage are summarized, while the future challenges and perspectives in this rapidly evolving field are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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十年的碳基无金属电催化剂

自2009年发现用于氧还原反应（ORR）的碳基无金属电催化剂（C-MFEC）以来，过去十年取得了巨大的进步。高效的C-MFECs作为金属基电催化剂的替代品，不仅一直用于ORR，而且一直用于氧释放，氢释放，二氧化碳还原和释放，氮还原以及许多其他（电子）化学反应。在这篇综述中，总结了过去十年在用于高效能量转换和存储的碳基无金属电催化剂研究和开发中的重要进展，同时还讨论了在这个快速发展的领域中的未来挑战和前景。