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Redefining the relationship between effort and reward: Choice-execution model of effort-based decisions.
Behavioural Brain Research ( IF 2.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-15 , DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112474
Agata Ludwiczak 1 , Magda Osman 1 , Marjan Jahanshahi 2
Affiliation  

Neuroscientific studies reliably demonstrate that rewards play a crucial role in guiding our choices when confronted with different effortful actions we could make. At the same time, psychological and economic research shows that effort we exert is not reliably predicted by the rewards we end up receiving. Why the mismatch between the two lines of evidence? Inspired by neuroscientific literature, we argue that value-based models of decision-making expose the complexity of the relationship between effort and reward, which changes between two crucial stages of the effort-based decision making process: Choice (i.e. action selection) and Execution (i.e. action execution involving actual effort exertion). To test this assumption, in the present study we set up two experiments (E1: N = 72, E2: N = 87), using a typical neuroscientific effort-based decision-making task. The findings of these experiments reveal that when making prospective choices, rewards do guide the level of effort people are prepared to exert, consistent with typical findings from Neuroscience. At a later stage, during execution of effortful actions, performance is determined by the actual amount of effort that needs to be exerted, consistent with psychological and behavioral economic research. We use the model we tested and the findings we generated to highlight critical new insights into effort-reward relationship, bringing different literatures together in the context of questions regarding what effort its, and the role that values play.

中文翻译:

重新定义努力与报酬之间的关系:基于努力的决策的选择执行模型。

神经科学研究可靠地证明,奖励在面对我们可能采取的各种努力行动时,在指导我们的选择方面起着至关重要的作用。同时,心理学和经济研究表明,我们最终付出的报酬不能可靠地预测我们所付出的努力。为什么两条证据线不匹配?受神经科学文献的启发,我们认为基于价值的决策模型暴露了努力与报酬之间关系的复杂性,这种复杂性在基于努力的决策过程的两个关键阶段之间发生了变化:选择(即行动选择)和执行(即涉及实际努力的动作执行)。为了验证这一假设,在本研究中,我们建立了两个实验(E1:N = 72,E2:N = 87),使用典型的基于神经科学努力的决策任务。这些实验的发现表明,做出前瞻性选择时,奖励确实可以指导人们准备做出的努力,这与Neuroscience的典型发现一致。在稍后的阶段中,在执行省力动作的过程中,绩效取决于需要进行的实际努力量,与心理和行为经济学研究一致。我们使用测试的模型和产生的发现来强调关于努力与报酬关系的重要新见解,在有关其付出的努力及其价值作用的问题的背景下,将不同的文献集中在一起。奖励确实可以指导人们准备做出的努力程度,这与Neuroscience的典型发现相一致。在稍后的阶段中,在执行省力动作的过程中,绩效取决于需要进行的实际努力量,与心理和行为经济学研究一致。我们使用测试的模型和产生的发现来强调关于努力与报酬关系的重要新见解,在有关其付出的努力及其价值作用的问题的背景下,将不同的文献集中在一起。奖励确实可以指导人们准备做出的努力程度,这与Neuroscience的典型发现相一致。在稍后的阶段中,在执行省力动作的过程中,绩效取决于需要进行的实际努力量,与心理和行为经济学研究一致。我们使用测试的模型和产生的发现来强调关于努力与报酬关系的重要新见解,在有关其付出的努力及其价值作用的问题的背景下,将不同的文献集中在一起。
更新日期:2020-01-15
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