A microscopic-level understanding of the high-pressure states achieved under shock compression, including comparisons with static compression, is a long-standing and important scientific challenge. Unlike hydrostatic compression, uniaxial strains inherent to shock compression result in plastic deformation and abundant lattice defects. At high pressures ($>50\mathrm{GPa}$), the role of shock-induced deformation and defects remains an open question. Because of the nanosecond time scales in shock experiments, real-time in situ observations of shock-induced lattice defects have been challenging. Here, we present synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements on laser-shock-compressed gold that provide the first unambiguous in situ measurements of stacking faults (SFs), likely formed by partial dislocations, during shock compression. SF abundance increases monotonically with shock compression up to 150 GPa, where SFs comprise almost every 6th atomic layer. Our results show that SFs play an important role in the plastic deformation of face-centered-cubic metals shocked to high stresses, providing a quantitative benchmark for future theoretical developments.

中文翻译：

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压缩至150 GPa的金震的堆叠故障的实时观测

对冲击压缩下获得的高压状态的微观水平的理解（包括与静态压缩的比较）是一项长期而重要的科学挑战。与静水压缩不同，冲击压缩固有的单轴应变会导致塑性变形和大量晶格缺陷。在高压下（$>50\mathrm{GPa}$），冲击引起的变形和缺陷的作用仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。由于冲击实验中的纳秒级时间尺度，因此对冲击引起的晶格缺陷进行实时原位观察一直是一项挑战。在这里，我们介绍了在激光冲击压缩金上进行的同步加速器X射线衍射测量，这提供了在冲击压缩过程中可能由部分位错形成的堆叠断层（SF）的第一个明确的原位测量。在高达150 GPa的冲击压缩下，SF的含量单调增加，其中SF几乎占第6个原子层。我们的结果表明，SFs在受到高应力冲击的面心立方金属的塑性变形中起着重要作用，为将来的理论发展提供了定量基准。