Solid or semisolid matrices polluted with fecal remnants can be highly loaded with pathogens, especially viruses, and play a substantial role in the persistence and dispersion of pathogens in the water cycle. Water quality regulations and guidelines are increasingly including bacteriophages infecting enteric bacteria as indicators of fecal and/or viral pollution. However, more data are needed about viral indicators in contaminated solids to develop effective sanitation strategies for the management of raw and treated sludge, fecal sludge, manures and slurries. Also, the exact role of sediments and soil in the transmission cycle of viral pathogens still needs to be determined. This review aims to provide an update on available data for concentrations of indicator bacteriophages in different solid matrices as well as their resistance to treatments and persistence in solids. The conclusion reached is that there is a need for improved and standardized methodologies for bacteriophage extraction, detection and enumeration in solids. Reports indicate that these contain higher levels of somatic coliphages in comparison with traditional bacterial indicators and F-specific RNA coliphages. Water body sediments and soil have been found to be notable reservoirs of somatic coliphages, which are more persistent in nature and resistant to sludge treatments than Escherichia coli and fecal coliforms and F-specific RNA coliphages. Thus, somatic coliphages show up as excellent complementary indicators for the prediction of pathogenic viruses in solids.

中文翻译：

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评论：污泥，生物固体，沉积物和土壤中的指示性噬菌体。

被粪便残留物污染的固体或半固体基质可能会大量载有病原体，尤其是病毒，并且在水循环中病原体的持久性和扩散中起重要作用。水质法规和指南越来越多地包括感染肠道细菌的噬菌体，作为粪便和/或病毒污染的指标。但是，需要更多有关被污染固体中病毒指标的数据，以制定有效的卫生策略，以管理原浆和处理后的污泥，粪便污泥，粪便和污泥。同样，仍然需要确定沉积物和土壤在病毒病原体传播周期中的确切作用。这篇综述旨在提供有关不同固体基质中指示性噬菌体浓度及其对处理的抵抗力和固体持久性的可用数据的最新信息。得出的结论是，需要用于固体中噬菌体提取，检测和计数的改进的标准化方法。报告表明，与传统细菌指示剂和F特异性RNA噬菌体相比，它们含有更高水平的体细胞噬菌体。已发现水体沉积物和土壤是体细胞噬菌体的重要储集层，它们比大肠杆菌和粪便大肠菌和F特异性RNA噬菌体在自然界更持久并且对污泥处理具有抵抗力。从而，