BACKGROUND Although cannabis and cannabinoids are widely used with therapeutic purposes, their claimed efficacy is highly controversial. For this reason, medical cannabis use is a broad field of research that is rapidly expanding. Our objectives are to identify, characterize, appraise, and organize the current available evidence surrounding therapeutic use of cannabis and cannabinoids, using evidence maps. METHODS We searched PubMed, EMBASE, The Cochrane Library and CINAHL, to identify systematic reviews (SRs) published from their inception up to December 2017. Two authors assessed eligibility and extracted data independently. We assessed methodological quality of the included SRs using the AMSTAR tool. To illustrate the extent of use of medical cannabis, we organized the results according to identified PICO questions using bubble plots corresponding to different clinical scenarios. RESULTS A total of 44 SRs published between 2001 and 2017 were included in this evidence mapping with data from 158 individual studies. We extracted 96 PICO questions in the following medical conditions: multiple sclerosis, movement disorders (e.g. Tourette Syndrome, Parkinson Disease), psychiatry conditions, Alzheimer disease, epilepsy, acute and chronic pain, cancer, neuropathic pain, symptoms related to cancer (e.g. emesis and anorexia related with chemotherapy), rheumatic disorders, HIV-related symptoms, glaucoma, and COPD. The evidence about these conditions is heterogeneous regarding the conclusions and the quality of the individual primary studies. The quality of the SRs was moderate to high according to AMSTAR scores. CONCLUSIONS Evidence on medical uses of cannabis is broad. However, due to methodological limitations, conclusions were weak in most of the assessed comparisons. Evidence mapping methodology is useful to perform an overview of available research, since it is possible to systematically describe the extent and distribution of evidence, and to organize scattered data.

中文翻译：

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大麻和大麻素的治疗用途：系统评价的证据映射和评估。

背景技术尽管大麻和大麻素广泛用于治疗目的，但其声称的功效存在很大争议。因此，医用大麻的使用是一个正在迅速扩大的广泛研究领域。我们的目标是使用证据图来识别、描述、评估和组织有关大麻和大麻素治疗用途的当前可用证据。方法 我们检索了 PubMed、EMBASE、Cochrane 图书馆和 CINAHL，以识别从成立到 2017 年 12 月发表的系统评价 (SR)。两位作者独立评估资格并提取数据。我们使用 AMSTAR 工具评估了纳入的 SR 的方法学质量。为了说明医用大麻的使用程度，我们根据确定的 PICO 问题使用对应于不同临床情况的气泡图组织了结果。结果 2001 年至 2017 年间发表的总共 44 项 SR 包含在该证据映射中，数据来自 158 项单独研究。我们提取了以下医疗状况的 96 个 PICO 问题：多发性硬化症、运动障碍（例如抽动秽语综合征、帕金森病）、精神疾病、阿尔茨海默病、癫痫、急性和慢性疼痛、癌症、神经性疼痛、与癌症相关的症状（例如呕吐）和化疗相关的厌食症）、风湿性疾病、艾滋病毒相关症状、青光眼和慢性阻塞性肺病。关于这些情况的证据在各个初步研究的结论和质量方面存在差异。根据 AMSTAR 评分，SR 的质量为中等到高。结论 大麻医疗用途的证据非常广泛。然而，由于方法学的限制，大多数评估比较的结论都很薄弱。证据绘图方法对于对现有研究进行概述很有用，因为它可以系统地描述证据的范围和分布，并组织分散的数据。