Bisphenol S (BPS), considered to be a safe alternative to Bisphenol A, is increasingly used in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. However, mounting evidence suggests that BPS can act as a xenoestrogen targeting a wide range of neuro-endocrine functions in animals. At present, very little is known about the impacts of BPS on social behaviors and/or the potential underlying mechanisms. To this end, we exposed adult male and female zebrafish to environmentally relevant concentrations of BPS (0 (control), 1, 10, and 30 μg/L), as well as to 17β-estradiol (E2; 1 μg/L; as positive control) for 75 days. Subsequently, alterations in social behaviors were evaluated by measuring shoal cohesion, group preferences, and locomotor activity. Furthermore, to elucidate the possible molecular mechanism underlying the neuro-behavioral effects of BPS, we also quantified the changes in the mRNA abundance of arginine vasotocin (AVT), isotocin (IT), and their corresponding receptors in the zebrafish brain. The results showed that E2 and BPS (30 μg/L) decreased shoal cohesion in both males and females. Moreover, a marked decline in group preferences was observed in all treatment groups, while locomotor activity remained unaffected. Alterations in the social behaviors were associated with sex-specific changes in the mRNA expression of genes involved in IT and AVT signaling. Taken together, the results of this study suggest that chronic exposure to BPS can impair zebrafish social behaviors via disruption of isotocinergic and vasotocinergic neuro-endocrine systems.

中文翻译：

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长期暴露于双酚S对成年斑马鱼社交行为的影响：大脑中神经肽信号传导途径的破坏。

双酚S（BPS）被认为是双酚A的安全替代品，越来越多地用于各种消费和工业产品中。但是，越来越多的证据表明，BPS可以作为异雌激素，靶向动物中广泛的神经内分泌功能。目前，关于BPS对社会行为和/或潜在潜在机制的影响知之甚少。为此，我们将成年雄性和雌性斑马鱼暴露于环境相关浓度的BPS（0（对照），1、10和30μg/ L）以及17β-雌二醇（E2； 1μg/ L；阳性对照）持续75天。随后，通过测量浅滩内聚力，群体偏好和运动能力来评估社交行为的改变。此外，为了阐明BPS的神经行为作用的潜在分子机制，我们还量化了斑马鱼大脑中精氨酸血管收缩素（AVT），同位素（IT）及其相应受体的mRNA丰度的变化。结果表明，E2和BPS（30μg/ L）降低了雄性和雌性的浅滩内聚力。此外，在所有治疗组中观察到组偏好的显着下降，而运动活性仍然不受影响。社会行为的改变与参与IT和AVT信号转导的基因的mRNA表达的性别特异性变化有关。两者合计，这项研究的结果表明，长期暴露于BPS可以通过破坏异麦角和神经血管内分泌系统来损害斑马鱼的社交行为。及其在斑马鱼大脑中的相应受体。结果表明，E2和BPS（30μg/ L）降低了雄性和雌性的浅滩内聚力。此外，在所有治疗组中观察到组偏好的显着下降，而运动活性仍然不受影响。社会行为的改变与参与IT和AVT信号转导的基因的mRNA表达的性别特异性变化有关。两者合计，这项研究的结果表明，长期暴露于BPS会通过破坏等位神经和内分泌神经神经内分泌系统来损害斑马鱼的社交行为。及其在斑马鱼大脑中的相应受体。结果表明，E2和BPS（30μg/ L）降低了雄性和雌性的浅滩内聚力。此外，在所有治疗组中观察到组偏好的显着下降，而运动活性仍然不受影响。社会行为的改变与参与IT和AVT信号转导的基因的mRNA表达的性别特异性变化有关。两者合计，这项研究的结果表明，长期暴露于BPS会通过破坏等位神经和内分泌神经神经内分泌系统来损害斑马鱼的社交行为。运动能力保持不受影响。社会行为的改变与参与IT和AVT信号转导的基因的mRNA表达的性别特异性变化有关。两者合计，这项研究的结果表明，长期暴露于BPS会通过破坏等位神经和内分泌神经神经内分泌系统来损害斑马鱼的社交行为。运动能力保持不受影响。社会行为的改变与参与IT和AVT信号转导的基因的mRNA表达的性别特异性变化有关。两者合计，这项研究的结果表明，长期暴露于BPS会通过破坏等位神经和内分泌神经神经内分泌系统来损害斑马鱼的社交行为。