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Human Physiology of Genetic Defects Causing Beta-cell Dysfunction.
Journal of Molecular Biology ( IF 5.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-14 , DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2019.12.038
Jarno L T Kettunen 1 , Tiinamaija Tuomi 2
Affiliation  

The last decade has revealed hundreds of genetic variants associated with type 2 diabetes, many especially with insulin secretion. However, the evidence for their single or combined effect on beta-cell function relies mostly on genetic association of the variants or genetic risk scores with simple traits, and few have been functionally fully characterized even in cell or animal models. Translating the measured traits into human physiology is not straightforward: none of the various indices for beta-cell function or insulin sensitivity recapitulates the dynamic interplay between glucose sensing, endogenous glucose production, insulin production and secretion, insulin clearance, insulin resistance-to name just a few factors. Because insulin sensitivity is a major determinant of physiological need of insulin, insulin secretion should be evaluated in parallel with insulin sensitivity. On the other hand, multiple physiological or pathogenic processes can either mask or unmask subtle defects in beta-cell function. Even in monogenic diabetes, a clearly pathogenic genetic variant can result in different phenotypic characteristics-or no phenotype at all. In this review, we evaluate the methods available for studying beta-cell function in humans, critically examine the evidence linking some identified variants to a specific beta-cell phenotype, and highlight areas requiring further study.

中文翻译:

导致β细胞功能异常的遗传缺陷的人类生理学。

过去十年揭示了数百种与2型糖尿病相关的遗传变异,其中许多尤其与胰岛素分泌有关。但是,它们对β细胞功能的单一或联合作用的证据主要取决于变异的遗传关联或具有简单性状的遗传风险评分,即使在细胞或动物模型中,也很少有功能得到充分表征。将测得的特征转化为人体生理学并非易事:β细胞功能或胰岛素敏感性的各种指标都无法概括葡萄糖感测,内源性葡萄糖生成,胰岛素生成和分泌,胰岛素清除率,胰岛素抵抗之间的动态相互作用。一些因素。由于胰岛素敏感性是胰岛素生理需求的主要决定因素,胰岛素分泌应与胰岛素敏感性同时评估。另一方面,多种生理或致病过程可以掩盖或掩盖β细胞功能的细微缺陷。即使在单基因糖尿病中,明显的致病性遗传变异也可能导致不同的表型特征-或根本没有表型。在这篇综述中,我们评估了可用于研究人类β细胞功能的方法,严格审查了将某些鉴定出的变体与特定β细胞表型联系起来的证据,并突出了需要进一步研究的领域。一个明显的致病性遗传变异可以导致不同的表型特征-或根本没有表型。在这篇综述中,我们评估了可用于研究人类β细胞功能的方法,严格审查了将某些鉴定出的变体与特定β细胞表型联系起来的证据,并突出了需要进一步研究的领域。一个明显的致病性遗传变异可以导致不同的表型特征-或根本没有表型。在这篇综述中,我们评估了可用于研究人类β细胞功能的方法,严格审查了将某些鉴定出的变体与特定β细胞表型联系起来的证据,并突出了需要进一步研究的领域。
更新日期:2020-01-15
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