Working with indigenous and local knowledge (ILK) is vital for inclusive assessments of nature and nature’s linkages with people. Indigenous peoples’ concepts about what constitutes sustainability, for example, differ markedly from dominant sustainability discourses. The Intergovernmental Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystems Services (IPBES) is promoting dialogue across different knowledge systems globally. In 2017, member states of IPBES adopted an ILK Approach including: procedures for assessments of nature and nature’s linkages with people; a participatory mechanism; and institutional arrangements for including indigenous peoples and local communities. We present this Approach and analyse how it supports ILK in IPBES assessments through: respecting rights; supporting care and mutuality; strengthening communities and their knowledge systems; and supporting knowledge exchange. Customary institutions that ensure the integrity of ILK, effective empowering dialogues, and shared governance are among critical capacities that enable inclusion of diverse conceptualizations of sustainability in assessments.

与土著和地方知识（ILK）合作对自然和自然与人的联系的包容性评估至关重要。例如，土著人民关于什么构成可持续性的概念与主要的可持续性论述有明显不同。政府间生物多样性和生态系统服务平台（IPBES）正在促进全球不同知识系统之间的对话。2017年，IPBES成员国采用了ILK方法，包括：评估自然和自然与人的联系的程序; 参与机制；包括土著人民和地方社区在内的机构安排。我们介绍此方法，并通过以下方法分析它如何在IPBES评估中支持ILK：支持关怀和互助；加强社区及其知识体系；和支持知识交流。确保ILK完整性，有效的赋权对话和共同治理的习惯机构是使评估中纳入可持续性的各种概念的关键能力。