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Isolated trees and small woody patches greatly contribute to connectivity in highly fragmented tropical landscapes
Landscape and Urban Planning ( IF 9.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.landurbplan.2020.103745
Liliana Cadavid-Florez , Javier Laborde , Donald James Mclean

Abstract Decreasing landscape connectivity, due to habitat loss and agricultural expansion, is a threat for species movement and other flux-dependent ecological processes. Tree cover within the agricultural matrix provides perching sites, dispersal routes, and extra habitat for animals. Isolated trees and living fences in tropical pastures add structural complexity to actual matrices, but their role in landscape connectivity is undervalued. Our main objective was to assess the potential value of small (≤1ha) woody patches for maintaining landscape connectivity in highly fragmented landscapes using birds as focal species. We used high-resolution images and LIDAR data to classify different tree cover types. We assess the probability of connectivity for different hypothetical dispersal distances between woody patches, using a graph-theoretic approach and simulating scenarios that differed in tree cover composition. We estimated the impacts and contribution of tree cover class removals on landscape connectivity. The connectivity index increased widely among scenarios with increasing tree cover composition. The highest connectivity value was obtained in the scenario that included all arboreal elements currently present in the matrix. Small wooded patches and isolated trees contributed from 26% to 59% to overall connectivity. The presence of small (≤1ha) patches of tree cover greatly enhance landscape connectivity for animals with low vagility and behavioral limitations on crossing gaps. Isolated trees and living fences play a crucial role in increasing habitat reachability within rural landscapes and ensuring and enhancing connectivity for animals that perform daily-movements at short-distances. The spatial distribution of arboreal elements within landscapes could be optimized to increase connectivity and must be considered in conservation planning.

中文翻译:

孤立的树木和小木本斑块极大地促进了高度分散的热带景观的连通性

摘要 由于栖息地丧失和农业扩张,景观连通性下降,对物种运动和其他依赖通量的生态过程构成威胁。农业矩阵内的树木覆盖为动物提供栖息地、传播路线和额外的栖息地。热带牧场中孤立的树木和活栅栏增加了实际矩阵的结构复杂性,但它们在景观连通性中的作用被低估了。我们的主要目标是评估小(≤ 1 公顷)木本斑块在以鸟类为焦点物种的高度分散的景观中保持景观连通性的潜在价值。我们使用高分辨率图像和激光雷达数据对不同的树木覆盖类型进行分类。我们评估了木质斑块之间不同假设分散距离的连通性概率,使用图论方法并模拟树木覆盖组成不同的场景。我们估计了树木覆盖类移除对景观连通性的影响和贡献。随着树木覆盖组成的增加,连通性指数在场景中大幅增加。在包括矩阵中当前存在的所有树栖元素的场景中获得了最高的连通性值。小树林和孤立的树木对整体连通性的贡献从 26% 到 59%。小(≤1 公顷)的树木覆盖斑块的存在极大地增强了具有低波动性和穿越间隙行为限制的动物的景观连通性。孤立的树木和生活围栏在增加农村景观中栖息地的可达性以及确保和加强短距离日常活动的动物的连通性方面发挥着至关重要的作用。景观中树栖元素的空间分布可以优化以增加连通性,并且必须在保护规划中加以考虑。
更新日期:2020-04-01
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