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On Equivalence and Cores for Incomplete Databases in Open and Closed Worlds
arXiv - CS - Databases Pub Date : 2020-01-14 , DOI: arxiv-2001.04757
Henrik Forssell and Evgeny Kharlamov and Evgenij Thorstensen

Data exchange heavily relies on the notion of incomplete database instances. Several semantics for such instances have been proposed and include open (OWA), closed (CWA), and open-closed (OCWA) world. For all these semantics important questions are: whether one incomplete instance semantically implies another; when two are semantically equivalent; and whether a smaller or smallest semantically equivalent instance exists. For OWA and CWA these questions are fully answered. For several variants of OCWA, however, they remain open. In this work we adress these questions for Closed Powerset semantics and the OCWA semantics of Libkin and Sirangelo, 2011. We define a new OCWA semantics, called OCWA*, in terms of homomorphic covers that subsumes both semantics, and characterize semantic implication and equivalence in terms of such covers. This characterization yields a guess-and-check algorithm to decide equivalence, and shows that the problem is NP-complete. For the minimization problem we show that for several common notions of minimality there is in general no unique minimal equivalent instance for Closed Powerset semantics, and consequently not for the more expressive OCWA* either. However, for Closed Powerset semantics we show that one can find, for any incomplete database, a unique finite set of its subinstances which are subinstances (up to renaming of nulls) of all instances semantically equivalent to the original incomplete one. We study properties of this set, and extend the analysis to OCWA*.

中文翻译:

关于开放世界和封闭世界中不完全数据库的等价性和核心

数据交换严重依赖于不完整数据库实例的概念。已经提出了针对此类实例的几种语义,包括开放 (OWA)、封闭 (CWA) 和开放封闭 (OCWA) 世界。对于所有这些语义,重要的问题是:一个不完整的实例是否在语义上暗示了另一个;当两个在语义上等价时;以及是否存在更小或最小的语义等效实例。对于 OWA 和 CWA,这些问题都得到了充分解答。但是,对于 OCWA 的几种变体,它们仍然是开放的。在这项工作中,我们针对 Libkin 和 Sirangelo,2011 年的 Closed Powerset 语义和 OCWA 语义解决了这些问题。我们根据包含两种语义的同态覆盖定义了一个新的 OCWA 语义,称为 OCWA*,并在此类封面的条款。这种表征产生了一种判断等价性的猜测和检查算法,并表明该问题是 NP 完全的。对于最小化问题,我们表明对于几个常见的最小化概念,通常没有封闭 Powerset 语义的唯一最小等效实例,因此对于更具表现力的 OCWA* 也没有。然而,对于 Closed Powerset 语义,我们表明,对于任何不完整的数据库,可以找到其子实例的唯一有限集,这些子实例是所有实例的子实例(直到重命名空值),在语义上等同于原始不完整的实例。我们研究了这个集合的属性,并将分析扩展到 OCWA*。对于最小化问题,我们表明对于几个常见的最小化概念,通常没有封闭 Powerset 语义的唯一最小等效实例,因此对于更具表现力的 OCWA* 也没有。然而,对于 Closed Powerset 语义,我们表明,对于任何不完整的数据库,可以找到其子实例的唯一有限集,这些子实例是所有实例的子实例(直到重命名空值),在语义上等同于原始不完整的实例。我们研究了这个集合的属性,并将分析扩展到 OCWA*。对于最小化问题,我们展示了对于最小化的几个常见概念,通常不存在用于 Closed Powerset 语义的唯一最小等效实例,因此对于更具表现力的 OCWA* 也没有。然而,对于 Closed Powerset 语义,我们表明,对于任何不完整的数据库,可以找到其子实例的唯一有限集,这些子实例是所有实例的子实例(直到重命名空值),在语义上等同于原始不完整的实例。我们研究了这个集合的属性,并将分析扩展到 OCWA*。其子实例的唯一有限集,这些子实例是所有实例在语义上等同于原始不完整实例的子实例(直到重命名空值)。我们研究了这个集合的属性,并将分析扩展到 OCWA*。其子实例的唯一有限集,这些子实例是所有实例在语义上等同于原始不完整实例的子实例(直到重命名空值)。我们研究了这个集合的属性,并将分析扩展到 OCWA*。
更新日期:2020-01-15
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