Biodiversity models make an important contribution to our understanding of global biodiversity changes. The effects of different land uses vary across ecosystem types, yet most broad-scale models have failed to account for this variation. The effects of land use may be different in systems characterized by low water availability because of the unusual conditions within these systems. Drylands are expanding, currently occupying over 40% of the terrestrial land, while Mediterranean systems are highly endangered biodiversity hotspots. However, the impact of land use on biodiversity in these biomes is yet to be assessed. Using a database of local biodiversity surveys, we assess the effects of land use on biodiversity in the world’s drylands and Mediterranean ecosystems. We compare the average species richness, total abundance, species diversity, ecological dominance, endemism rates, and compositional turnover across different land uses. In drylands, there was a strong turnover in species composition in disturbed land uses compared with undisturbed natural habitat (primary vegetation), but other measures of biodiversity did not respond significantly. However, it is important to note that the sample size for drylands was very low, a gap which should be filled promptly. Mediterranean environments showed a very high sensitivity of biodiversity to land uses. In this biome, even habitat recovering after past disturbance (secondary vegetation) had substantially reduced biodiversity and altered community composition compared with primary vegetation. In an effort to maintain original biodiversity and the ecosystem functions it supports within Mediterranean biomes, conservation measures should therefore prioritize the preservation of remaining primary vegetation.

中文翻译：

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评估土地使用对世界干旱地区和地中海环境中生物多样性的影响

生物多样性模型为我们对全球生物多样性变化的理解做出了重要贡献。不同土地利用的影响因生态系统类型而异，但是大多数大规模模型都无法解释这种变化。土地利用的影响在以可用水量低为特征的系统中可能会有所不同，因为这些系统中的条件异常。旱地正在扩大，目前占陆地陆地的40％以上，而地中海系统是高度濒危的生物多样性热点地区。但是，土地使用对这些生物群落中生物多样性的影响尚待评估。利用当地生物多样性调查的数据库，我们评估了土地利用对世界干旱地区和地中海生态系统中生物多样性的影响。我们比较了平均物种丰富度，总丰度，物种多样性，不同土地利用的生态优势度，地方性流行率和成分周转率。在干旱地区，与不受干扰的自然栖息地（主要植被）相比，受干扰的土地利用中的物种组成发生了很大的变化，但是其他生物多样性措施并未做出明显反应。但是，重要的是要注意，旱地的样本量非常小，应立即填补空白。地中海环境显示出生物多样性对土地利用的高度敏感性。在这个生物群落中，与原始植被相比，即使是过去的干扰（次生植被）恢复后的栖息地也大大减少了生物多样性并改变了群落组成。为了维持原始生物多样性及其在地中海生物群落内支持的生态系统功能，