BACKGROUND Although the beneficial effects of vaccines on equity by socioeconomic status and geography are increasingly well-documented, little has been done to extend these analyses to examine the linkage between vaccination and gender equity. In this paper, evidence from the published literature is used to develop a conceptual framework demonstrating the potential impact of vaccination on measures of gender equity. This framework is then applied to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in three countries with different economic and disease burden profiles to establish a proof of concept in a variety of contexts. METHODS We conducted a literature review examining evidence on the linkage between health outcomes and dimensions of gender equity. We utilized the Papillomavirus Rapid Interface for Modelling and Economics (PRIME) model to estimate cervical cancer incidence and deaths due to HPV types 16/18 by age in each country. We estimated labor force participation and fertility effects from improvements in health, and converted these into inputs consistent with those used to calculate the United Nations Gender Inequality Index to assess gender equity. RESULTS In our case study, we found that HPV vaccination among girls could help narrow socioeconomic gender disparities by quantifying the main pathways by which HPV vaccination improves health, which enables improvement in gender equity indicators such as labor force participation and maternal mortality ratios. While these improvements are small when averaged over the entire population, the components measured - labor force participation and maternal mortality ratio - account for 50% of the index scores. CONCLUSIONS This proof of concept model is a starting point to inform future health and economic analyses that might incorporate the impact of gender equity as an additional impact of vaccination in improving the health and well-being of the population.

中文翻译：

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疫苗接种对性别平等的影响：概念框架和人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗案例研究。

背景技术尽管社会经济地位和地理位置对疫苗对公平的有利影响越来越有据可查，但几乎没有做任何工作来扩展这些分析以检验疫苗接种与性别平等之间的联系。在本文中，已发表文献的证据被用于建立一个概念框架，证明疫苗接种对两性平等措施的潜在影响。然后将该框架应用于具有不同经济和疾病负担特征的三个国家的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）疫苗接种，以在各种情况下建立概念证明。方法我们进行了文献综述，检查了有关健康结果与性别平等各个维度之间联系的证据。我们利用乳头瘤病毒快速建模与经济界面（PRIME）模型来估算每个国家/地区按年龄划分的宫颈癌发病率和因16/18型HPV类型导致的死亡。我们估计了健康改善对劳动力参与和生育力的影响，并将其转化为与用于计算联合国性别不平等指数以评估性别平等的投入一致的投入。结果在我们的案例研究中，我们发现女孩中的HPV疫苗接种可以通过量化HPV疫苗接种改善健康的主要途径来缩小社会经济性别差距，从而可以改善劳动力参与和孕产妇死亡率等性别平等指标。虽然将这些改善范围在整个人群中平均来看是很小的，所测量的组成部分（劳动力参与度和孕产妇死亡率）占该指数得分的50％。结论此概念验证模型是为将来的健康和经济分析提供参考的起点，该分析可能将性别平等的影响作为疫苗接种对改善人口健康和福祉的附加影响。