BACKGROUND Compliance to anti-TB treatment is crucial in achieving cure and avoiding the emergence of drug resistance. Electronic health (eHealth) interventions are included in the strategy to end the global Tuberculosis (TB) epidemic by 2035. Evidences showed that mobile messaging systems could improve patient adherence to clinic appointment for diagnosis and treatment. This review aimed to assess the effect of mobile-phone messaging on anti-TB treatment success. METHODS All randomized controlled trial (RCT) and quasi-experimental studies done prior to August 26, 2019 were included in the review. Studies were retrieved from PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane and ScienceDirect databases including, grey and non-indexed literatures from Google and Google scholar. Quality of studies were independently assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool. A qualitative synthesis and quantitative pooled estimation were used to measure the effect of phone messaging on TB treatment success rate. PRISMA flow diagrams were used to summarize article selection process. RESULTS A total of 1237 articles were identified, with 14 meeting the eligibility criteria for qualitative synthesis. Eight studies with a total of 5680 TB patients (2733 in intervention and 2947 in control groups) were included in meta-analysis. The pooled effect of mobile-phone messaging revealed a small increase in treatment success compared to standard of care (RR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.06), with low heterogeneity (I2 = 7%, p < 0.0002). In the review, performance, detection and attrition biases were reported as major risk of biases. CONCLUSIONS Mobile-phone messaging showed a modest effect in improving anti-TB treatment success; however, the quality of evidence was low. Further controlled studies are needed to increase the evidence-base on the role of mHealth interventions to improve TB care. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD420170744339. http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017074439.

中文翻译：

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电话短信能否提高结核病治疗的成功率？系统的审查和荟萃分析。

背景技术抗结核治疗的依从性对于实现治愈和避免出现耐药性至关重要。在2035年之前结束全球结核病（TB）流行的策略中包括电子保健（eHealth）干预措施。证据表明，移动消息系统可以提高患者对诊断和治疗的门诊依从性。这篇综述旨在评估手机短信对抗结核治疗成功的影响。方法该评价包括2019年8月26日之前完成的所有随机对照试验（RCT）和半实验研究。从PubMed，EMBASE，Cochrane和ScienceDirect数据库中检索研究，包括来自Google和Google Scholar的灰色和非索引文献。研究质量通过Cochrane偏倚风险评估工具独立评估。定性综合和定量合并估计用于衡量电话短信对结核病治疗成功率的影响。PRISMA流程图用于总结文章选择过程。结果共鉴定出1237篇文章，其中14篇符合定性合成的资格标准。荟萃分析包括八项研究，总计5680 TB患者（干预组2733名，对照组2947名）。与标准保健服务（RR 1.04，95％CI 1.02至1.06）相比，手机短信的集中效应显示出治疗成功的增加，异质性较低（I2 = 7％，p <0.0002）。在评价中，性能，检测和损耗偏倚被报告为偏倚的主要风险。结论手机短信在提高抗结核治疗成功率方面显示出适度的效果。但是，证据质量很差。需要进一步的对照研究，以增加基于mHealth干预措施改善结核病护理作用的证据。协议注册号CRD420170744339。http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?ID=CRD42017074439。