Therapeutics that target the T cell inhibitory checkpoint proteins CTLA-4 and PD(L)1 are efficacious across a broad range of cancers, resulting in reductions in tumor burden and increased long-term survival in subsets of patients. The significant and wide-ranging effects of these immunotherapies have prompted the clinical investigation of additional therapies that modulate anti-tumor immunity through effects on T cells, myeloid cells, and other cell types within the tumor microenvironment. The clinical activity of these newer investigational therapies has been mixed, with some therapeutics showing promise but others not exhibiting appreciable efficacy. In this review, we summarize the results of select recent clinical studies of cancer immunotherapies beyond anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD(L)1 and discuss how these results are providing new insights into the regulation of human anti-tumor immunity.

中文翻译：

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人类抗肿瘤免疫力：免疫疗法临床试验的真知灼见。

靶向T细胞抑制性检查点蛋白CTLA-4和PD（L）1的疗法在多种癌症中均有效，从而减少了肿瘤负担，并增加了部分患者的长期生存率。这些免疫疗法的显着和广泛的作用促使临床研究了其他疗法，这些疗法通过对肿瘤微环境中的T细胞，髓样细胞和其他细胞类型的作用来调节抗肿瘤免疫力。这些较新的研究性疗法的临床活性混杂在一起，有些疗法显示出希望，而另一些疗法则未显示出明显的疗效。在这篇评论中