Fibrosis, characterized by progressive tissue stiffening resulting in organ failure, is a growing health problem affecting millions of people worldwide. Currently, therapeutic options for tissue fibrosis are severely limited and organ transplantation is the only effective treatment for the end-stage fibrotic diseases with inherent limitations. Recent advancements in engineered 3D in vitro human disease mimic models, recapitulating the tissue pathophysiology, have provided unique state-of-the-art platforms for: (i) understanding the biological mechanisms involved in the disease pathogenesis; and (ii) high-throughput and reproducible drug screening. This review focuses on the recent multidisciplinary developments made towards advanced 3D biomimetic fibrotic tissue (liver, kidney, and lung) models that combine highly precision manufacturing techniques with high cellular functionality and biophysical (mechanical) properties.

中文翻译：

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生物工程3D模型概括了组织纤维化。

纤维化的特征是进行性组织硬化导致器官衰竭，是一个日益严重的健康问题，影响着全球数百万人。当前，用于组织纤维化的治疗选择受到严格限制，并且器官移植是具有固有局限性的终末期纤维化疾病的唯一有效治疗。概括了组织病理生理学的工程化3D体外人类疾病模拟模型的最新进展为以下方面提供了独特的最新平台：（i）了解疾病发病机理中涉及的生物学机制；（ii）高通量和可重复的药物筛选。这篇评论的重点是针对先进的3D仿生纤维化组织（肝脏，肾脏，