Esters of furan dicarboxylic acids (DAFs) were synthesized by a one-pot reaction between marine biomass-derived galactaric acid and bioalcohol under solvent-free conditions and were fully characterized. The catalyst amount could be reduced without loss of reaction yields using p-xylene as the material separation agent. Also, a possible mechanism was proposed for the first time. Then the properties of four DAFs as plasticizers on the poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrix were investigated. The experimental results showed that DAFs exhibit competitive efficiencies of plasticization when compared to the most commercialized plasticizer, DOP. It was found that the combination of DAFs and PVC produced homogeneous smooth-surface films, indicating miscibility between them. ATR-FTIR depicted the upshift of carbonyl absorption bands after mixing with the PVC matrix, with a magnitude of at most 18-21 cm-1. TGA, DSC, and UTM data illustrated equivalent plasticization efficiencies. Due to their small molecular weights, the investigated DAFs are more volatile. However, due to bearing an oxygen atom in the aromatic furan ring, the degree of polarization of DAFs was boosted and helped inhibit leaching into the surrounding media. In brief, these synthetic compounds have promising feasibility as biobased plasticizers. Moreover, another interesting point is that the properties of furan-2,3-dicarboxylic acid derivatives were studied for the first time and herein reported.

中文翻译：

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衍生自海洋生物质的呋喃-2,5-和呋喃-2,3-二羧酸酯作为聚氯乙烯的增塑剂。

在无溶剂条件下，通过海洋生物质衍生的半乳糖酸和生物醇之间的一锅反应，合成了呋喃二羧酸（DAF）酯。使用对二甲苯作为材料分离剂，可以减少催化剂的量而不损失反应产率。此外，首次提出了一种可能的机制。然后研究了四种DAF作为增塑剂在聚氯乙烯（PVC）基质上的性能。实验结果表明，与最商业化的增塑剂DOP相比，DAF表现出竞争性的增塑效率。发现DAF和PVC的组合产生均匀的光滑表面膜，表明它们之间的可混溶性。ATR-FTIR描绘了与PVC基质混合后羰基吸收带的上移，幅度最大为18-21 cm-1。TGA，DSC和UTM数据说明了等效的增塑效率。由于分子量小，所研究的DAF挥发性更高。但是，由于在芳族呋喃环中带有一个氧原子，DAF的极化度得到了增强，并有助于抑制渗入周围介质中。简而言之，这些合成化合物作为生物基增塑剂具有广阔的前景。此外，另一个有趣的观点是呋喃-2，3-二羧酸衍生物的性质是首次研究并在本文中报道。被调查的DAF的波动性更大。但是，由于在芳族呋喃环中带有一个氧原子，DAF的极化度得到了增强，并有助于抑制渗入周围介质中。简而言之，这些合成化合物作为生物基增塑剂具有广阔的前景。此外，另一个有趣的观点是呋喃-2，3-二羧酸衍生物的性质是首次研究并在本文中报道。被调查的DAF的波动性更大。但是，由于在芳族呋喃环中带有一个氧原子，DAF的极化度得到了增强，并有助于抑制渗入周围介质中。简而言之，这些合成化合物作为生物基增塑剂具有广阔的前景。此外，另一个有趣的观点是呋喃-2，3-二羧酸衍生物的性质是首次研究并在本文中报道。