Orexins/hypocretins and their receptors (OXRs) are ubiquitously distributed throughout the nervous system and peripheral tissues. Recently, various reports have indicated that orexins play regulatory roles in numerous physiological processes involved in obesity, energy homeostasis, sleep-wake cycle, analgesia, alcoholism, learning, and memory. This review aims to outline recent progress in the research and development of orexins used in biochemical signaling pathways, secretion pathways, and the regulation of energy metabolism/adipose tissue development. Orexins regulate a variety of physiological functions in the body by activating phospholipase C/protein kinase C and AC/cAMP/PKA pathways, through receptors coupled to Gq and Gi/Gs, respectively. The secretion of orexins is modulated by blood glucose, blood lipids, hormones, and neuropeptides. Orexins have critical functions in energy metabolism, regulating both feeding behavior and energy expenditure. Increasing the sensitivity of orexin-coupled hypothalamic neurons concurrently enhances spontaneous physical activity, non-exercise activity thermogenesis, white adipose tissue lipolysis, and brown adipose tissue thermogenesis. With this comprehensive review of the current literature on the subject, we hope to provide an integrated perspective for the prevention/treatment of obesity.

中文翻译：

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食欲素/ hypocretins对能量代谢和脂肪组织发育的生理影响。

食欲素/促胰泌素及其受体（OXR）遍及神经系统和周围组织。最近，各种报道表明，食欲肽在涉及肥胖，能量稳态，睡眠-觉醒周期，镇痛，酒精中毒，学习和记忆的众多生理过程中起调节作用。这篇综述旨在概述在用于生化信号传导途径，分泌途径以及能量代谢/脂肪组织发育调节的食欲素的研究和开发中的最新进展。食欲素通过分别通过与Gq和Gi / Gs偶联的受体激活磷脂酶C /蛋白激酶C和AC / cAMP / PKA途径来调节体内的多种生理功能。食欲素的分泌受血糖，血脂，激素和神经肽的调节。食欲素在能量代谢中起着至关重要的作用，调节着喂养行为和能量消耗。增加orexin耦合的下丘脑神经元的敏感性同时会增强自发的身体活动，非运动活动的生热，白色脂肪组织的脂解和棕色脂肪组织的热生成。通过对有关该主题的当前文献的全面回顾，我们希望为预防/治疗肥胖症提供一个综合的观点。