Despite the success in the fabrication of various arbitrary-sized one-dimensional architectures, researches still face specific disadvantages of uncontrollable porosity and disordered structures, leading to a deficiency in micro-sized porous for efficient catalytic performance. To improve these limitations, herein, fabricating controllable microstructures based on three-dimensional (3D) printing technology was conducted for catalysis applications. Initially, a multi-channel organized structure printed by silica (SiO₂) powder was as the support, onto which different organic functional groups were immobilized. Prior to exploring the catalytic efficiency, different techniques were used to investigate the characterization of 3D-SiO₂ systematically. Amongst various immobilized functional groups, the 3D-SiO₂ modified with diethylenetriamine showed the best catalytic activity for Knoevenagel condensation reaction. Moreover, the results showed that 3D-SiO₂ enhanced catalytic activities of over 90% in only 30 min and could be reused more than ten times with high-performance efficiency while transforming various aldehydes in the presence of malononitrile.

尽管在制造各种任意尺寸的一维体系结构方面取得了成功，但研究仍面临孔隙不可控制和结构混乱的特定缺点，导致缺乏用于有效催化性能的微尺寸多孔材料。为了改善这些限制，在本文中，进行了基于三维（3D）打印技术的可控微结构的制造以用于催化应用。最初，以二氧化硅（SiO ₂）粉末印刷的多通道组织结构为载体，在其上固定了不同的有机官能团。在探索催化效率之前，使用了不同的技术来研究3D-SiO ₂的表征系统地。在各种固定的官能团中，用二亚乙基三胺改性的3D-SiO ₂对Knoevenagel缩合反应显示出最佳的催化活性。此外，结果表明，3D-SiO ₂仅在30分钟内提高了90％以上的催化活性，在丙二腈存在下转化各种醛类的同时，可以高效地重复使用十多次。