Solar steam generation is considered an effective and sustainable method for addressing freshwater shortages. However, several challenges to developing photothermal materials and improving evaporation performance currently exist. Herein, we designed a hydrophilic evaporator with double-layer structure by combining a hydrophilic polymer with three-dimensional porous carbon nanotube beads on a glass microfiber membrane. Poly(methacrylic acid) acted as a binder to stabilize the carbon-based photothermal layer along with continuously pumped water. The assembled carbon nanotube beads with porous structures not only harvested and converted light to heat but also provided available channels for fast vapor diffusion. An artificial tree evaporation configuration can effectively localize heat on the photothermal layer, which endowed the evaporator with a high evaporation rate of 1.62 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ with a solar-to-vapor energy conversion efficiency of 87% under 1 sun illumination. Meanwhile, excellent desalination performance and stable recycling test made the evaporator have great potential in practical applications.

中文翻译：

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用于水蒸发和太阳能海水淡化的亲水聚合物稳定多孔复合膜

太阳能蒸汽发电被认为是解决淡水短缺的有效且可持续的方法。然而，目前在开发光热材料和提高蒸发性能方面存在一些挑战。在此，我们通过将亲水聚合物与玻璃微纤维膜上的三维多孔碳纳米管珠结合，设计了一种具有双层结构的亲水蒸发器。聚（甲基丙烯酸）作为粘合剂与连续泵送的水一起稳定碳基光热层。组装的具有多孔结构的碳纳米管珠不仅可以收集光并将其转化为热，而且还为快速蒸汽扩散提供了可用通道。人造树蒸发配置可以有效地将热量集中在光热层上，^-2 h ^-1在 1 次阳光照射下，太阳能到蒸汽的能量转换效率为 87%。同时，优异的脱盐性能和稳定的循环利用试验，使蒸发器在实际应用中具有巨大的潜力。