The mTOR pathway integrates a diverse set of environmental cues, such as growth factor signals and nutritional status, to direct eukaryotic cell growth. Over the past two and a half decades, mapping of the mTOR signalling landscape has revealed that mTOR controls biomass accumulation and metabolism by modulating key cellular processes, including protein synthesis and autophagy. Given the pathway's central role in maintaining cellular and physiological homeostasis, dysregulation of mTOR signalling has been implicated in metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, cancer and ageing. In this Review, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of the complex regulation of the mTOR pathway and discuss its function in the context of physiology, human disease and pharmacological intervention.

中文翻译：

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mTOR 在营养、生长、衰老和疾病的关系中。

mTOR 通路整合了多种环境信号，例如生长因子信号和营养状况，以指导真核细胞的生长。在过去的两年半中，mTOR 信号图谱的绘制表明，mTOR 通过调节关键的细胞过程（包括蛋白质合成和自噬）来控制生物量的积累和代谢。鉴于该途径在维持细胞和生理稳态中的核心作用，mTOR 信号传导的失调与代谢紊乱、神经退行性变、癌症和衰老有关。在这篇综述中，我们强调了我们对 mTOR 通路复杂调节的理解的最新进展，并讨论了它在生理学、人类疾病和药物干预背景下的功能。