A novel approach was designed to fabricate high-added value manufacts, starting from cost-effective materials and combining well-known processing techniques.

Bi- and three-layered, functionally graded laminates were achieved by direct electrospinning onto dense substrates. The architecture of each multilayer comprises a dense layer formed by solvent casting, which is constituted by polylactic acid (PLA) and carvacrol, and one or two electrospun fibrous skin layers, consisting of PLA only. Processing-structure-properties relationships of such materials were investigated.

As regards mechanical behavior, the amount of fibrous PLA layers determined an increase of stiffness from 20 to 35 MPa, adequately predicted by isostrain model, whereas the breaking properties proved to be governed by the dense layer, with values of tensile strength (6 MPa) and elongation at break (200%) almost ten-folded with respect to those of electrospun fibrous PLA.

As concerns carvacrol release behavior, the presence of fibrous skin, especially in three-layered structures, proved to progressively reduce the burst delivery at early stage of immersion, while enhancing the depletion time, i.e. the release activity, of such devices from 288 to 795 h. Furthermore, a correlation was found between the thickness of fibrous layers and release kinetics, thus suggesting that adjusting simple variables, such as electrospinning time, allows to control the ultimate properties of these devices. Moreover, this approach enables gathering the mechanical robustness of a dense film with the extremely large specific area of fibrous materials, thus showing promising potential for a broad range of application fields.

设计了一种新颖的方法来制造高附加值的产品，从具有成本效益的材料开始，并结合众所周知的加工技术。

双层和三层功能梯度层压板是通过直接电纺到致密的基材上而实现的。每个多层的结构包括通过溶剂浇铸形成的致密层，该致密层由聚乳酸（PLA）和香芹酚构成，以及一层或两层仅由PLA组成的电纺纤维表皮层。研究了这种材料的加工-结构-性能关系。

在机械性能方面，PLA纤维层的数量决定了刚度从20到35 MPa的增加，这是通过等应变模型充分预测的，而断裂性能证明是由致密层控制的，拉伸强度值为（6 MPa）断裂伸长率（200％）是电纺纤维PLA的近十倍。

关于香芹酚的释放行为，纤维状皮肤的存在，特别是在三层结构中，被证明可以逐步减少浸泡初期的破裂递送，同时将此类装置的耗竭时间（即释放活性）从288增加到795 H。此外，发现纤维层的厚度与释放动力学之间存在相关性，因此表明调节简单变量（例如静电纺丝时间）可以控制这些设备的最终性能。而且，这种方法能够使致密膜的机械坚固性与纤维材料的比表面积非常大，从而在广阔的应用领域中显示出令人鼓舞的潜力。