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A bioinformatics workflow for the evaluation of RT-qPCR primer specificity: Application for the assessment of gene expression data reliability in toxicological studies.
Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology ( IF 3.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2020.104575
Bhaja K Padhi 1 , Guillaume Pelletier 1 , Philip S Shwed 2
Affiliation  

The reliability of Reverse Transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) gene expression data depends on proper primer design and RNA quality controls. Despite freely available genomic databases and bioinformatics tools, primer design deficiencies can be found across life science publications. In order to assess the prevalence of such deficiencies in the toxicological literature, 504 primer sets extracted from a random selection of 70 recent rat toxicological studies were evaluated. The specificity of each primer set was systematically analysed using a bioinformatics workflow developed from publicly available resources (NCBI Primer BLAST, in silico PCR in UCSC genome browser, Ensembl DNA database). Potential mismatches (9%), cross-matches (13.5%), co-amplification of multiple gene splice variants (9%) and sub-optimal amplicon sizes (25%) were identified for a significant proportion of the primer sets assessed in silico. Quality controls for gDNA contamination of RNA samples were infrequently reported in the surveyed manuscripts. Hence, the impacts of gDNA contamination on RT-qPCR data were further investigated, revealing that lowly expressed genes presented higher susceptibility to contaminating gDNA. In addition to the retrospective identification of potential primer design issues presented in this study, the described bioinformatics workflow can also be used prospectively to select candidate primer sets for experimental validation.

中文翻译:

用于评估RT-qPCR引物特异性的生物信息学工作流程:在毒理学研究中评估基因表达数据的可靠性。

逆转录定量实时PCR(RT-qPCR)基因表达数据的可靠性取决于适当的引物设计和RNA质量控制。尽管可以免费获得基因组数据库和生物信息学工具,但在生命科学出版物中仍发现引物设计方面的缺陷。为了评估毒理学文献中此类缺陷的普遍性,评估了从70例近期大鼠毒理学研究中随机选择的504种引物。使用从公开资源(NCBI Primer BLAST,UCSC基因组浏览器中的计算机PCR,Ensembl DNA数据库)开发的生物信息学工作流程,系统地分析了每个引物组的特异性。潜在的不匹配(9%),交叉匹配(13.5%),对于在计算机中评估的引物组的很大一部分,鉴定了多个基因剪接变体的共扩增(9%)和次优扩增子大小(25%)。在被调查的手稿中很少报道对gDNA样品进行gDNA污染的质量控制。因此,进一步研究了gDNA污染对RT-qPCR数据的影响,发现低表达的基因对gDNA的污染敏感性更高。除了本研究中提出的潜在引物设计问题的回顾性鉴定之外,所描述的生物信息学工作流程还可用于选择候选引物组进行实验验证。在被调查的手稿中很少报道对gDNA样品进行gDNA污染的质量控制。因此,进一步研究了gDNA污染对RT-qPCR数据的影响,发现低表达的基因对gDNA的污染敏感性更高。除了本研究中提出的潜在引物设计问题的回顾性鉴定之外,所描述的生物信息学工作流程还可用于选择候选引物组进行实验验证。在被调查的手稿中很少报道对gDNA样品进行gDNA污染的质量控制。因此,进一步研究了gDNA污染对RT-qPCR数据的影响,发现低表达的基因对gDNA的污染敏感性更高。除了本研究中提出的潜在引物设计问题的回顾性鉴定之外,所描述的生物信息学工作流程还可用于选择候选引物组进行实验验证。
更新日期:2020-01-14
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