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The nexus between international trade, food systems, malnutrition and climate change
Nature Food ( IF 23.2 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s43016-019-0014-0
Sharon Friel , Ashley Schram , Belinda Townsend

Trade agreements are a major determinant of the operation of food systems. Here, we examine how different aspects of trade can constrain or enable governments’ ability to implement food system-level actions aimed at enhancing nutrition and mitigating climate change. Concerning technical aspects, we focus on the potential impact of trade agreements on three major strategies for transforming food systems—namely the removal of market barriers for agricultural commodities, the protection of regulatory policy space and the revision of subsidies. Concerning non-technical aspects, we review the evidence on the political economy of trade to show that coherence between trade-policy goals and public-interest goals, such as nutrition and climate change, involves actors’ interests, ideas, and formal and informal institutional processes at various levels. With international agreements to liberalize trade and investment being binding, and recommendations to address malnutrition and climate change being non-binding, there is potential for trade to hinder efforts against malnutrition and climate change. Tempering this will require a deeper understanding of the complex trade–food system––nutrition–climate nexus and a new regulatory framework consistent with such complexity, as well as strategic stakeholder engagement.



中文翻译:

国际贸易,粮食系统,营养不良与气候变化之间的联系

贸易协定是粮食系统运作的主要决定因素。在这里,我们研究贸易的不同方面如何能够限制或增强政府实施旨在增强营养和缓解气候变化的粮食系统级行动的能力。在技​​术方面,我们重点关注贸易协定对改变粮食系统的三大战略的潜在影响,即消除农产品市场壁垒,保护监管政策空间和修改补贴。关于非技术方面,我们回顾了贸易政治经济学的证据,以表明贸易政策目标与公共利益目标(如营养和气候变化)之间的一致性涉及参与者的利益,思想以及正式和非正式制度各个级别的流程。由于使贸易和投资自由化的国际协定具有约束力,而解决营养不良和气候变化的建议也没有约束力,因此贸易有可能阻碍针对营养不良和气候变化的努力。要对此进行调和,将需要对复杂的贸易,食品体系,营养,气候关系以及与这种复杂性相一致的新监管框架以及利益相关者的战略参与有更深入的了解。

更新日期:2020-01-13
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