Abstract Biomethane recovery from source-diverted blackwater through anaerobic digestion (AD) offers a sustainable alternative for modern wastewater treatment. Water-wasting conventional toilets consume great amounts of flushing water (9 L per flush), which results in blackwater with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 1006 (±61) mg/L and COD/sulfate ratio of 12.2 (±0.9). In this study, the conventional toilets collected blackwater was treated through an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor at 35 °C with a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2.2 days, which achieved a COD removal efficiency >80 %. Inhibition in blackwater methanogenesis was observed, which was found associated with the growth of hydrogen utilizing sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) that competed with hydrogenotrophic methanogens and suppressed the biomethane recovery efficiency. The sludge specific hydrogenotrophic methanogenic activity (SMA [H2&CO2]) increased from 0.37 (±0.02) g CH4-COD/g volatile suspended solids (VSS)/d (treating high sulfate blackwater) to 0.52 (±0.00) g CH4-COD/g VSS/d (treating low sulfate blackwater) when sulfate-free toilet flushing water was adopted (resulting COD/sulfate ratio of 42.9 [±5.0]). This study underlines the importance of considering the impact of sulfate on blackwater methane production when designing future blackwater treatment processes.

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从源头转移的家庭黑水中回收生物甲烷：饲料硫酸盐的影响

摘要 通过厌氧消化 (AD) 从源转移黑水中回收生物甲烷为现代废水处理提供了一种可持续的替代方案。浪费水的传统马桶消耗大量冲洗水（每次冲水9升），导致黑水化学需氧量（COD）为1006（±61）mg/L，COD/硫酸盐比为12.2（±0.9）。在这项研究中，传统厕所收集的黑水通过上流式厌氧污泥床 (UASB) 反应器在 35°C 下处理，水力停留时间 (HRT) 为 2.2 天，COD 去除效率 >80%。观察到对黑水产甲烷的抑制，发现这与利用硫酸盐还原菌 (SRB) 的氢的生长有关，该菌与氢营养型产甲烷菌竞争并抑制了生物甲烷的回收效率。污泥特定的氢营养产甲烷活性 (SMA [H2&CO2]) 从 0.37 (±0.02) g CH4-COD/g 挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS)/d（处理高硫酸盐黑水）增加到 0.52 (±0.00) g CH4-COD/ g VSS/d（处理低硫酸盐黑水），当采用无硫酸盐冲厕水时（COD/硫酸盐比为 42.9 [±5.0]）。本研究强调了在设计未来黑水处理工艺时考虑硫酸盐对黑水甲烷产量的影响的重要性。02) g CH4-COD/g 挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS)/d（处理高硫酸盐黑水）到 0.52（±0.00）g CH4-COD/g VSS/d（处理低硫酸盐黑水）时，无硫酸盐冲厕水被采用（导致 COD/硫酸盐比率为 42.9 [±5.0]）。本研究强调了在设计未来黑水处理工艺时考虑硫酸盐对黑水甲烷产量的影响的重要性。02) g CH4-COD/g 挥发性悬浮固体 (VSS)/d（处理高硫酸盐黑水）到 0.52（±0.00）g CH4-COD/g VSS/d（处理低硫酸盐黑水）时，无硫酸盐冲厕水被采用（导致 COD/硫酸盐比率为 42.9 [±5.0]）。本研究强调了在设计未来黑水处理工艺时考虑硫酸盐对黑水甲烷产量的影响的重要性。