BACKGROUND Increasing active transport is proposed as a means to address both health and environmental issues. However, the associations between specific modes, such as cycling, walking and public transport, and health outcomes remain unclear. We examined the association between mode of travel to work and mortality. METHODS Cohort studies of the entire New Zealand working population were created using 1996, 2001 and 2006 censuses linked to mortality data. Mode of travel to work was that reported on census day, and causes of death examined were ischaemic heart disease and injury. Main analyses were Poisson regression models adjusted for socio-demographics. Sensitivity analyses included: additional adjustment for smoking in the 1996 and 2006 cohorts, and bias analysis about non-differential misclassification of cycling vs car use. RESULTS Walking (5%) and cycling (3%) to work were uncommon. Compared with people reporting using motor vehicles to travel to work, those cycling had a reduced all-cause mortality (ACM) in the socio-demographic adjusted models RR 0.87 (0.77-0.98). Those walking (0.97, 0.90-1.04) and taking public transport (0.96, 0.88-1.05) had no substantive difference in ACM. No mode of transport was associated with detectable statistically significant reductions in cause-specific mortality. Sensitivity analyses found weaker associations when adjusting for smoking and stronger associations correcting for likely non-differential misclassification of cycling. CONCLUSIONS This large cohort study supports an association between cycling to work and reduced ACM, but found no association for walking or public-transport use and imprecise cause-specific mortality patterns.

中文翻译：

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在工作年龄人口中，上班方式与死亡率相关吗？于1996年，2001年和2006年在新西兰重复进行了人口普查研究。

背景技术提议增加主动运输作为解决健康和环境问题的手段。但是，自行车，步行和公共交通等特定模式与健康结果之间的关联仍不清楚。我们研究了上班方式与死亡率之间的关系。方法采用1996、2001和2006年与死亡率数据相关的人口普查，对整个新西兰工作人口进行队列研究。上班普查当天报告了上班的方式，检查的死因是缺血性心脏病和伤害。主要分析是针对社会人口统计学进行调整的泊松回归模型。敏感性分析包括：1996年和2006年队列中的吸烟者进一步调整，以及关于自行车与汽车使用的非差异性错误分类的偏见分析。结果步行（5％）和骑自行车（3％）上班并不常见。与报告使用机动车辆去上班的人相比，在社会人口统计学调整的模型RR 0.87（0.77-0.98）中，那些骑自行车的人的全因死亡率（ACM）降低。步行（0.97，0.90-1.04）和乘坐公共交通工具（0.96，0.88-1.05）的人的ACM没有实质性差异。没有一种运输方式与因特定原因引起的死亡率的统计上显着降低相关。敏感性分析发现，调整吸烟时关联性较弱，而校正自行车可能的非差异性错误分类时，关联性较强。结论这项大型队列研究支持骑自行车上班与减少ACM之间的关联，