We present the first case of simultaneous development of Graves’ disease and type 1 diabetes during anti‐programmed cell death 1 therapy. A 48‐year‐old man with parotid gland adenocarcinoma and lung metastasis had received five courses of nivolumab. Fourteen days after administration of the sixth course, his casual plasma glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels were 379 mg/dL and 7.2%, respectively. Furthermore, thyrotoxicosis was detected with a blood test. Serum total ketone body and thyroid‐stimulating hormone receptor antibody levels increased, and serum C‐peptide level decreased to 0.01 ng/mL thereafter. Thus, we concluded that he simultaneously developed anti‐programmed cell death 1 therapy‐associated type 1 diabetes and Graves’ disease. Among Japanese patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type III, the frequency of human leukocyte antigen‐DRB1*04:05 is higher in those with both type 1 diabetes and Graves’ disease. Our case had human leukocyte antigen‐DRB1*04:05, which might be associated with the simultaneous development of the two diseases.

中文翻译：

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抗程序性细胞死亡1治疗期间Graves病和1型糖尿病的同时发展：病例报告。

我们介绍了在抗程序性细胞死亡1治疗期间同时发生Graves病和1型糖尿病的首例病例。一名患有腮腺腺癌和肺转移的48岁男性接受了5个疗程的纳武单抗治疗。第六疗程给药后十四天，他的血浆葡萄糖和血红蛋白A1c水平分别为379 mg / dL和7.2％。此外，通过血液检查发现了甲状腺毒症。血清总酮体和促甲状腺激素受体抗体水平增加，此后血清C肽水平降低至0.01 ng / mL。因此，我们得出结论，他同时发展了抗程序性细胞死亡1治疗相关的1型糖尿病和Graves病。在日本患有III型自身免疫性多腺综合征的患者中，1型糖尿病和Graves病患者的人白细胞抗原‐DRB1 * 04：05的频率较高。我们的病例患有人类白细胞抗原-DRB1 * 04：05，这可能与两种疾病的同时发展有关。