Background Hypothesis: neuromotor development correlates to body composition over the first year of life in prematurely born infants and can be influenced by enhancing motor activity. Methods Forty-six female and 53 male infants [27 ± 1.8 (sd) weeks] randomized to comparison or exercise group (caregiver provided 15–20 min daily of developmentally appropriate motor activities) completed the year-long study. Body composition [lean body and fat mass (LBM, FM)], growth/inflammation predictive biomarkers, and Alberta Infant Motor Scale (AIMS) were assessed. Results AIMS at 1 year correlated with LBM ( r = 0.32, p < 0.001) in the whole cohort. However, there was no effect of the intervention. LBM increased by ~3685 g ( p < 0.001)); insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) was correlated with LBM ( r = 0.36, p = 0.002). IL-1RA (an inflammatory biomarker) decreased (−75%, p < 0.0125). LBM and bone mineral density were significantly lower and IGF-1 higher in the females at 1 year. Conclusions We found an association between neuromotor development and LBM suggesting that motor activity may influence LBM. Our particular intervention was ineffective. Whether activities provided largely by caregivers to enhance motor activity in prematurely born infants can affect the interrelated (1) balance of growth and inflammation mediators, (2) neuromotor development, (3) sexual dimorphism, and/or (4) body composition early in life remains unknown.

中文翻译：

---

早产儿出院后一年的身体成分和神经运动发育

背景假设：神经运动发育与早产儿第一年的身体成分相关，并且可能受到运动活动增强的影响。方法 46 名女性婴儿和 53 名男性婴儿 [27 ± 1.8 (sd) 周] 随机分配到对照组或运动组（护理人员每天提供 15-20 分钟适合发育的运动活动）完成了为期一年的研究。评估了身体成分[去脂体重和脂肪量（LBM、FM）]、生长/炎症预测生物标志物和阿尔伯塔婴儿运动量表（AIMS）。结果整个队列中 1 年时的 AIMS 与 LBM 相关（r = 0.32，p < 0.001）。然而，干预并没有产生任何效果。LBM 增加约 3685 克 (p < 0.001))；胰岛素样生长因子-1 (IGF-1) 与 LBM 相关（r = 0.36，p = 0.002）。IL-1RA（一种炎症生物标志物）下降（−75%，p < 0.0125）。1 岁时，雌性小鼠的 LBM 和骨矿物质密度显着降低，IGF-1 显着升高。结论 我们发现神经运动发育与 LBM 之间存在关联，表明运动活动可能影响 LBM。我们的特殊干预是无效的。主要由护理人员提供的增强早产儿运动活动的活动是否会影响早产儿早期相互关联的（1）生长和炎症介质的平衡，（2）神经运动发育，（3）性别二态性和/或（4）身体成分生活仍然未知。