The aims of the present study were to analyze the effects of 16 weeks of different aerobic exercise training (ExT) programs with diet on cardiac autonomic modulation and hemodynamics in nonphysically active and overweight/obese adults (n = 249, 53.7 ± 8.0 years) with primary hypertension, and the possible differences among ExT programs and their effects on heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and long-term BP variability (BPV). Participants were randomly assigned into an attention control (AC) group (physical activity recommendations) or one of three supervised ExT groups: high volume of moderate-intensity continuous training, high-volume and high-intensity interval training (HIIT), and low-volume-HIIT. Twenty-four hours of ambulatory BP monitoring was used to analyze systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP, HR, and BPV. A cardiopulmonary exercise test was performed to determine peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). Following intervention, resting and submaximal exercise (HR, SBP, and DBP), along with diurnal and nocturnal SBP and DBP values decreased (P < 0.05) in all groups with no differences between groups. When the ExT groups were combined, submaximal SBP (P = 0.048) and DBP (P = 0.004), VO2peak (P = 0.014) and HR reserve (P = 0.030) were significantly improved compared with AC. Intervention did not have significant effects on BPV. In the present study better improvements in the autonomic nervous system were seen when the aerobic ExT was individually designed and supervised with pari passu effects irrespective of exercise intensity and volume. Low-volume-HIIT ExT combined with a healthy diet should be considered as a time efficient and safe mechanism for reducing the cardiovascular risk in hypertensive individuals.

中文翻译：

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不同有氧运动计划对高血压心脏自主神经调节和血流动力学的影响：来自 EXERDIET-HTA 随机试验的数据。

本研究的目的是分析 16 周不同的有氧运动训练 (ExT) 计划与饮食对非身体活动和超重/肥胖成人（n = 249, 53.7 ± 8.0 岁）心脏自主神经调节和血流动力学的影响原发性高血压，ExT 计划之间可能存在的差异及其对心率 (HR)、血压 (BP) 和长期血压变异性 (BPV) 的影响。参与者被随机分配到注意力控制 (AC) 组（身体活动建议）或三个受监督的 ExT 组之一：高强度中等强度持续训练、高强度高强度间歇训练 (HIIT) 和低强度训练。音量-HIIT。使用 24 小时动态血压监测来分析收缩压 (SBP) 和舒张压 (DBP) BP、HR 和 BPV。进行心肺运动测试以确定峰值摄氧量（VO2peak）。干预后，静息和次极量运动（HR、SBP 和 DBP）以及昼夜和夜间 SBP 和 DBP 值在所有组中均下降（P < 0.05），组间无差异。当 ExT 组结合时，次最大收缩压 (P = 0.048) 和舒张压 (P = 0.004)、VO2peak (P = 0.014) 和 HR 储备 (P = 0.030) 与 AC 相比显着改善。干预对BPV没有显着影响。在本研究中，无论运动强度和运动量如何，当有氧 ExT 单独设计并以同等效果进行监督时，自主神经系统得到更好的改善。