BACKGROUND Pain is a common problem for individuals with cerebral palsy (CP). In Sweden, 95% of children and adolescents with CP are followed in a national follow-up programme (CPUP), which includes data on pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of pain based on age, sex, gross motor function and source of report (self or proxy). Pain intensity, pain site, and how much pain disturbed sleep and daily activities were also studied. METHODS This was a cross-sectional register study based on all participants in CPUP, 4-18-years of age, with data reported in 2017-2018. Gross motor function was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Logistic regression was used to analyse prevalence of pain and how much pain had disturbed sleep and daily activities in the last four weeks. RESULTS In total, 3545 participants (2065 boys) were included. The overall prevalence of pain was 44%. Older age and female sex were associated with higher risk of pain with odds ratios of 1.07 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06-1.09) and 1.28 (CI 1.12-1.47), respectively. Pain was most common in the lower extremities. There was no statistically significant difference in prevalence of pain related to source of report. Pain intensity was higher at older ages and higher GMFCS-levels. Hip/thigh pain and abdominal pain were associated with the most intense pain. Of those who reported pain, pain disturbed sleep for 36% and daily activities for 61%. CONCLUSIONS Both pain frequency and pain intensity were higher at higher age. Pain intensity increased with increasing GMFCS-level. Two-thirds of all children and adolescents with CP reported that their pain disturbed their daily activities, and one-third reported that pain disturbed their sleep.

中文翻译：

---

儿童和青少年脑瘫疼痛-一项3545人的横断面研究。

背景技术疼痛是脑瘫（CP）患者的普遍问题。在瑞典，有95％的儿童和青少年患有CP，并通过国家随访计划（CPUP）进行了随访，该计划包括有关疼痛的数据。这项研究的目的是根据年龄，性别，总体运动功能和报告来源（自己或代理人）调查疼痛的患病率。还研究了疼痛强度，疼痛部位以及多少疼痛影响了睡眠和日常活动。方法这是一项横断面登记研究，基于所有4-18岁的CPUP参与者，数据报告于2017-2018年。使用总运动功能分类系统（GMFCS）对总运动功能进行分类。使用Logistic回归分析过去四周中疼痛的发生率以及多少疼痛影响了睡眠和日常活动。结果总计 包括3545名参与者（2065名男孩）。疼痛的总患病率为44％。老年人和女性与疼痛的风险较高相关，比值比分别为1.07（95％置信区间（CI）1.06-1.09）和1.28（CI 1.12-1.47）。疼痛在下肢最常见。与报告来源相关的疼痛发生率在统计学上没有显着差异。在老年人和更高的GMFCS水平下，疼痛强度更高。臀部/大腿疼痛和腹痛是最剧烈的疼痛。在报告疼痛的患者中，疼痛困扰睡眠的占36％，日常活动占61％。结论较高年龄时疼痛频率和疼痛强度均较高。疼痛强度随GMFCS水平的增加而增加。