BACKGROUND Echinops kebericho is widely used for treatment of a variety of diseases including infectious, non-infectious disease and fumigation during child birth. Antibacterial, antimalarial, anti-leshimania, anti-diarrheal and insect repellent activities have been elucidated. Its toxicity profile is not yet investigated and thus this study was to investigate acute and sub-acute toxicity of E. kebericho decoctions. METHODS Acute toxicity study was performed in female Wistar albino rats with single oral dose and followed up to 14 days. The sub-acute oral dose toxicity studies were conducted in rats of both sexes in accordance with the repeated dose 28-day oral toxicity study in rodent OECD guidelines. Physical observations were made regularly during the study period while body weight was measured weekly. Organ weight, histopathology, clinical chemistry and hematology data were collected on the 29th day. Results were presented as mean ± standard deviation. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed if assumptions were met; otherwise Kruskal-Wallis analysis was performed. RESULT Oral administration of E. kebericho decoction showed no treatment-related mortality in female rats up to the dose of 5000 mg/kg. In sub-acute toxicity studies, no significant treatment-related abnormalities were observed compared to negative controls. Food consumption, body weight, organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology did not show significant variation between controls and treatment groups. However, creatinine, relative lung weight, triglycerides, and monocytes were lower in treated compared to control groups. Significant variations between male and female groups in food consumption, relative organ weight, hematology, clinical chemistry were observed. Histolo-pathology of high-dose treated groups showed fatty liver. CONCLUSION Echinops kebericho showed LD50 of greater than 5000 mg/kg in acute toxicity study and is well tolerated up to the dose of 600 mg/kg body weight in sub-acute toxicity study.

中文翻译：

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Echinops kebericho汤对大鼠的急性和亚急性毒性。

背景技术刺柏（Echinops kebericho）被广泛用于治疗多种疾病，包括传染性，非传染性疾病和婴儿出生时的熏蒸。已经阐明了抗菌，抗疟，抗白血病，抗腹泻和驱虫活性。尚未对其毒性概况进行研究，因此本研究旨在调查kebericho汤的急性和亚急性毒性。方法对雌性Wistar白化病大鼠进行单次口服急性毒性研究，随访14天。根据啮齿动物OECD指南中的重复剂量28天口服毒性研究，在两性大鼠中进行了亚急性口服剂量毒性研究。在研究期间定期进行身体观察，同时每周测量体重。器官重量，组织病理学，在第29天收集临床化学和血液学数据。结果表示为平均值±标准偏差。如果满足假设，则执行单向方差分析（ANOVA）；否则进行Kruskal-Wallis分析。结果口服kebericho汤对雌性大鼠至5000 mg / kg剂量均无与治疗相关的死亡率。在亚急性毒性研究中，与阴性对照相比，没有观察到与治疗相关的明显异常。对照组和治疗组之间的食物消耗，体重，器官重量，血液学，临床化学和组织病理学无明显差异。然而，与对照组相比，治疗组的肌酐，相对肺重，甘油三酸酯和单核细胞更低。男女之间在食物消耗，相对器官重量，血液学，临床化学上有显着差异。大剂量治疗组的组织病理学表现为脂肪肝。结论Echinops kebericho在急性毒性研究中显示LD50大于5000 mg / kg，在亚急性毒性研究中耐受性高达600 mg / kg体重。