BACKGROUND Expanding the ventrolateral skull base corridor from the midline of lower clivus to the petroclival fissure is a challenging endonasal surgical task. Resection of lytic lesions like chondrosarcoma can cause cranial nerve morbidities and injury of ICA, necessitating accurate knowledge of correlative endoscopic anatomy with stereotactic landmarks. METHODS We describe an extended endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for a right petroclival chondrosarcoma with the demonstration of ipsilateral surgical landmarks with contralateral normal correlates, using a stepwise comparative image-guided cadaveric dissection study. CONCLUSION EEA for lytic lesions like chondrosarcomas needs to address brain shift and displacement of ICA, posing a chance for cranial nerve morbidities and ICA injury. Meticulous utilization of intraoperative stereotactic landmarks can help avoid and mitigate surgical complications.

中文翻译：

---

在“远中”和“极中”方法中，扩大内窥镜鼻腔进入腹侧颅底的技术和挑战。

背景技术将腹侧颅底基底通道从下锁骨的中线扩展到岩斜裂缝是一项艰巨的鼻内外科手术。诸如软骨肉瘤的溶解性病变的切除可能会导致颅神经疾病和ICA损伤，因此需要准确了解具有立体定向标志的相关内窥镜解剖结构。方法我们采用逐步比较图像引导的尸体解剖研究，描述了右内斜肌软骨肉瘤的扩展内窥镜鼻内入路（EEA），并证实了具有对侧正常相关性的同侧手术标志。结论EEA对于诸如软骨肉瘤的溶解性病变需要解决ICA的脑移位和移位，从而导致颅神经发病和ICA损伤的机会。