MicroRNAs (miRNAs) plays an important role in the human brain from the embryonic period to adulthood. In this sense, they influence the development of neural stem cells (NSCs), regulating cellular differentiation and survival. Therefore, due to the importance of better comprehending the regulation of miRNAs in NSCs differentiation and the lack of studies that show the panorama of miRNAs and their signaling pathways studied until now we aimed to systematically review the literature to identify which miRNAs are currently being associated with neuronal differentiation and using bioinformatics analysis to identify their related pathways. A search was carried out in the following databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health (PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science and Science Direct, using the descriptors "(microRNA [MeSH])" and "(neurogenesis [MeSH])". From the articles found, two independent and previously calibrated reviewers, using the EndNote X7 (Thomson Reuters, New York, NY, US), selected those that concern miRNA in the development of NSCs, based on in vitro studies. After, bioinformatic analysis was performed using the software DIANA Tools, mirPath v.3. Subsequently, data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted. Among the 106 miRNAs cited by included studies, 55 were up-regulated and 47 were down-regulated. The bioinformatics analysis revealed that among the up-regulated miRNAs there were 24 total and 6 union pathways, and 3 presented a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). Among the down-regulated miRNAs, 46 total and 13 union pathways were found, with 7 presenting a significant difference (p ≤ 0.05). The miR-125a-5p, miR-423-5p, miR-320 were the most frequently found miRNAs in the pathways determined by bioinformatics. In this study a panel of altered miRNAs in neuronal differentiation was created with their related pathways, which could be a step towards understanding the complex network of miRNAs in neuronal differentiation.

中文翻译：

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MicroRNA 在神经元分化及其相关途径中表达：系统评价和生物信息学分析。

MicroRNA（miRNA）在人类大脑从胚胎期到成年期发挥着重要作用。从这个意义上说，它们影响神经干细胞（NSC）的发育，调节细胞分化和存活。因此，由于更好地理解 miRNA 在 NSC 分化中的调控的重要性，以及迄今为止缺乏显示 miRNA 及其信号通路全景的研究，我们的目的是系统地回顾文献，以确定目前与哪些 miRNA 相关。神经元分化并使用生物信息学分析来识别其相关途径。在以下数据库中进行了检索：在线科学电子图书馆 (Scielo)、国立卫生研究院国家医学图书馆 (PubMed)、Scopus、Web of Science 和 Science Direct，使用描述符“(microRNA [MeSH])”和“（神经发生[MeSH]）”。从发现的文章中，两位独立且先前校准过的审稿人使用 EndNote X7（汤森路透，纽约，纽约，美国）根据体外研究选择了那些与 NSC 发育中的 miRNA 相关的文章。之后，使用软件 DIANA Tools, mirPath v.3 进行生物信息分析。随后，将数据制成表格、分析和解释。在纳入研究引用的 106 个 miRNA 中，55 个上调，47 个下调。生物信息学分析显示，上调的miRNA共有24个总通路和6个联合通路，其中3个存在统计学差异（p≤0.05）。在下调的 miRNA 中，发现了 46 个总通路和 13 个联合通路，其中 7 个存在显着差异 (p ≤ 0.05)。miR-125a-5p、miR-423-5p、miR-320 是生物信息学确定的通路中最常见的 miRNA。在这项研究中，创建了一组在神经元分化中发生改变的 miRNA 及其相关通路，这可能是朝着理解神经元分化中 miRNA 的复杂网络迈出的一步。