To address the environmental problems caused by solid waste while promoting the sustainable development of mines, gangue and fly ash can be used as underground backfill materials to achieve the comprehensive utilisation of solid waste mining resources. We measured the compressive deformation characteristics of samples with different ratios of gangue to fly ash and analysed their stress-strain relationship and associated changes in their porosities using a YAS-5000 servo testing machine and a homemade compression apparatus. Moreover, we revealed the mechanisms of deformation resistance of gangue and fly ash from both a macro and meso perspective and determined that the optimal ratio of gangue to fly ash is 0.35. In addition, taking the backfill face in Coal Mine as an example, mixed materials of gangue and fly ash at a ratio of 1:0.35 were backfilled into a goaf. After mining of the working face, the surface only sank by 170 mm approximately. This method not only effectively disposes of solid wastes, i.e., gangue and fly ash, on a large scale but also controls surface subsidence to protect adjacent buildings and structures. Therefore, the coordinated development of coal resource mining and environmental protection are realised.

为解决固体废物造成的环境问题，同时促进矿山的可持续发展，可将石和粉煤灰用作地下回填材料，以实现固体废物采矿资源的综合利用。我们使用YAS-5000伺服试验机和自制的压缩设备，测量了不同比例的煤ue石与粉煤灰样品的压缩变形特性，并分析了它们的应力-应变关系以及孔隙率的相关变化。此外，我们从宏观和细观的角度揭示了煤ue石和粉煤灰的抗变形机理，并确定了煤ue石与粉煤灰的最佳比例为0.35。另外，以煤矿的回填面为例，煤石与粉煤灰的混合料比例为1：0。将35个回填入采空区。开采工作面后，表面仅下沉约170毫米。这种方法不仅可以有效地大规模处理固体废物，例如煤ue石和粉煤灰，还可以控制地面沉降，以保护相邻的建筑物和结构。因此，实现了煤炭资源开采与环境保护的协调发展。