Socioeconomic disadvantage during childhood is associated with a myriad of negative adult outcomes. One mechanism through which disadvantage undermines positive outcomes may be by disrupting the development of self-control. The goal of the present study was to examine pathways from three key indicators of socioeconomic disadvantage - low family income, low maternal education, and neighborhood poverty - to neural and behavioral measures of response inhibition. We utilized data from a representative cohort of 215 twins (ages 7-18 years, 70% male) oversampled for exposure to disadvantage, who participated in the Michigan Twins Neurogenetics Study (MTwiNS), a study within the Michigan State University Twin Registry (MSUTR). Our child-friendly Go/No-Go task activated the bilateral inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), and activation during this task predicted behavioral inhibition performance, extending prior work on adults to youth. Critically, we also found that neighborhood poverty, assessed via geocoding, but not family income or maternal education, was associated with IFG activation, a finding that we replicated in an independent sample of disadvantaged youth. Further, we found that neighborhood poverty predicted response inhibition performance via its effect on IFG activation. These results provide the first mechanistic evidence that disadvantaged contexts may undermine self-control via their effect on the brain. The broader neighborhood, beyond familial contexts, may be critically important for this association, suggesting that contexts beyond the home have profound effects on the developing brain and behaviors critical for future health, wealth, and wellbeing.

中文翻译：

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邻里贫困预示着神经和行为反应抑制的改变

童年时期的社会经济劣势与成人的无数负面结果有关。劣势破坏积极结果的一种机制可能是破坏自我控制的发展。本研究的目的是研究从社会经济劣势的三个关键指标——低家庭收入、低母亲教育和邻里贫困——到反应抑制的神经和行为测量的途径。我们利用了 215 对双胞胎（7-18 岁，70% 男性）的代表性队列的数据，这些双胞胎因暴露于不利条件而过采样，他们参加了密歇根州立大学双胞胎登记处 (MSUTR) 内的一项密歇根双胞胎神经遗传学研究 (MTwiNS) ）。我们对儿童友好的 Go/No-Go 任务激活了双侧额下回 (IFG)，这项任务期间的激活预测了行为抑制性能，将先前对成年人的工作扩展到青年。至关重要的是，我们还发现通过地理编码而不是家庭收入或母亲教育评估的社区贫困与 IFG 激活相关，我们在弱势青年的独立样本中复制了这一发现。此外，我们发现邻里贫困通过其对 IFG 激活的影响来预测反应抑制性能。这些结果提供了第一个机械证据，表明不利的环境可能会通过对大脑的影响来破坏自我控制。家庭环境之外的更广泛的社区可能对这种关联至关重要，这表明家庭以外的环境对发育中的大脑和对未来健康、财富、